A decade genetic diversity in Circulating influenza B virus in Iran (2010–2019): Divergence from WHO-recommended vaccine strains

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Abstract

Background. Data on the disease burden and circulation patterns of influenza B virus lineages for Iran are limited.

Objective. This review aims to describe the pattern of influenza B occurrence in Iran, comparing it with the proposed vaccine strains and determining the match and mismatch with the prescribed vaccine annually.

Methods. Various sources were used to retrieve information of the data; such as information from an online search of databases such as FluNet, GISAID, and NCBI. After extracting protein sequence records in GISAID, sequence alignment with vaccine strain and construction of a phylogenetic tree were performed. Subsequently, categories of the registered circulating strains were evaluated for matching with the vaccine strains.

Results. Of the total registered influenza-positive samples, 20.21% were related to influenza B virus. The phylogenic tree was designed based on 43 samples registered in the GISAID database; 76.74 and 23.25% sequences were of Yamagata and Victoria lineages, respectively. The most prevalent influenza B virus strains circulating during the study years belonged to the Yamagata lineage. In general, the match of the influenza B virus predominant circulating strains with administrated vaccines was observed in Iran. However, a high level of mismatch between the vaccine strain and Iranian isolates was identified in 2016‒2017.

Conclusion. The review of match and mismatch in influenza vaccine in order to improve the composition of the prescribed vaccine in each region is very important because the vaccine efficacy decreased when the strain included in vaccine did not match the circulating epidemic strain.

About the authors

Amir Emami

Shiraz University of medical sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: emami.microbia@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4510-1820

Ph.D (Microbiology), Department of Microbiology, Burn & Wound Healing Research Center

Iran, Islamic Republic of, Shiraz

Neda Pirbonyeh

Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

Email: pirbonyeh@yahoo.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5700-3913

Department of Microbiology, Burn & Wound Healing Research Center, Department of Bacteriology and Virology

Iran, Islamic Republic of, Shiraz

Afagh Moattari

Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

Email: moattari.a@sums.ac.ir
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4394-9622

Ph.D. (Bacteriology and Virology), Professor of Medical Virology, Department of Bacteriology and Virology

Iran, Islamic Republic of, Shiraz

Fatemeh Javanmardi

Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

Email: javanmardi.biostat@yahoo.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8841-0861

кандидат наук (биостатистика), кафедра биостатистики

Iran, Islamic Republic of, Shiraz

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Annual flu (A and B) circulation extracted from the WHO/FluNet database in the last decade.

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3. Fig. 2. Cladogram of influenza B virus isolated during the study time.

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Copyright (c) 2023 Emami A., Pirbonyeh N., Moattari A., Javanmardi F.

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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