Development and preservation of specific T-cell immunity after COVID-19 or vaccination against this infection
- Authors: Blyakher M.S.1, Fedorova I.M.1, Tulskaya E.A.1, Kapustin I.V.1, Koteleva S.I.1, Ramazanova Z.K.1, Odintsov E.E.1, Sandalova S.V.1, Novikova L.I.1, Aleshkin A.V.1, Bochkareva S.S.1
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Affiliations:
- G.N. Gabrichevsky Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
- Issue: Vol 68, No 3 (2023)
- Pages: 205-214
- Section: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/0507-4088/article/view/132633
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-171
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/ttqnho
- ID: 132633
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Abstract
Aim – evaluation of specific T-cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in primary and secondary response to virus antigens by screening method.
Materials and methods. Patients were tested 1–1.5 months after COVID-19 and 6–10 months before and after vaccination. Healthy volunteers were screened before, 2–6 times during the vaccination course, and 6–8 months after revaccination with the Sputnik V vaccine. IgG and IgM antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were detected by ELISA using commercially available kits (Vector-Best, Russia). Antigenic (AG) activation of T cells in the fraction of blood’s mononuclear cells was assessed by IFN-γ production after AG stimulation in the wells of plates from ELISA kits intended for detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Data were processed by MS Excel and Statistica 10.0 software.
Results. AG-specific T cells were detected in 88.5% of vaccinated healthy volunteers, half of whom were found to have T cells appearing earlier than antibodies to AG. After 6-8 months, the level of AG activation decreases. Following the revaccination, the level of AG activation of memory T cells in vitro increases within six months in 76.9–100.0% of vaccinated subjects. On the contrary, after COVID-19, 86.7% of individuals had in their blood the AG-specific T cells with high activity at the time of vaccination. The activity of T cells recognizing the RBD domain of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein and the proportion of individuals who had these cells in their blood increased after the vaccination of reconvalescents.
Conclusion. T-cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 antigens has been shown to persist for 6 months after illness. In vaccinated individuals without history of COVID-19, such duration of the preservation of AG-specific T cells in blood was only achieved after the revaccination.
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##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Mariya S. Blyakher
G.N. Gabrichevsky Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Email: msb2222@list.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3480-6873
D. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head Laboratory, Department of immunology
Russian Federation, 125212, MoscowIrina M. Fedorova
G.N. Gabrichevsky Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Author for correspondence.
Email: vestnik-07@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0335-2752
Cand. Sci. (Med.), leading researcher, Department of immunology
Russian Federation, 125212, MoscowElena A. Tulskaya
G.N. Gabrichevsky Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Email: etul@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1969-4009
Cand. Sci. (Biol.), leading researcher, Department of immunology
Russian Federation, 125212, MoscowIvan V. Kapustin
G.N. Gabrichevsky Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Email: vano-kapustink@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6191-260X
Cand. Sci. (Med.), leading researcher, Department of immunology
Russian Federation, 125212, MoscowSvetlana I. Koteleva
G.N. Gabrichevsky Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Email: felileo@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1878-2234
Cand. Sci. (Med.), leading researcher, Department of immunology
Russian Federation, 125212, MoscowZarema K. Ramazanova
G.N. Gabrichevsky Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Email: rzarema@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9314-3312
Cand. Sci. (Med.), leading researcher, Department of immunology
Russian Federation, 125212, MoscowEvgeny E. Odintsov
G.N. Gabrichevsky Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Email: rinocerus@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5895-2520
Cand. Sci. (Med.), leading researcher, Department of immunology
Russian Federation, 125212, MoscowSvetlana V. Sandalova
G.N. Gabrichevsky Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Email: s.sandalova74@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4548-9888
Researcher, Department of immunology
Russian Federation, 125212, MoscowLidia I. Novikova
G.N. Gabrichevsky Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Email: vestnik-07@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0307-4561
Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head Laboratory, Department of immunology
Russian Federation, 125212, MoscowAndrej V. Aleshkin
G.N. Gabrichevsky Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Email: vestnik-07@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0532-1378
D. Sci. (Med.), Head Laboratory, Department of immunology
Russian Federation, 125212, MoscowSvetlana S. Bochkareva
G.N. Gabrichevsky Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Email: vestnik-07@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1204-7645
Cand. Sci. (Med.), leading researcher, Department of immunology
Russian Federation, 125212, MoscowReferences
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