Antiviral activity of basidial fungus Inonotus obliquus aqueous extract against SARS-CоV-2 virus (Coronaviridae: Betacoronavirus: Sarbecovirus) in vivo in BALB/c mice model

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Abstract

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic combined with seasonal epidemics of respiratory viral diseases requires targeted antiviral prophylaxis with restorative and immunostimulant drugs. The compounds of natural origin are low-toxic, but active against several viruses at the same time. One of the most famous compounds is Inonotus obliquus aqueous extract. The fruit body of basidial fungus I. obliquus is called Chaga mushroom.

The aim of the work ‒ was to study the antiviral activity of I. obliquus aqueous extract against the SARS-CoV-2 virus in vivo.

Materials and methods. Antiviral activity of I. obliquus aqueous extract sample (#20-17) was analyzed against strain of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron ВА.5.2 virus. The experiments were carried out in BALB/c inbred mice. The SARS-CoV-2 viral load was measured using quantitative real-time PCR combined with reverse transcription. The severity of lung tissue damage was assessed by histological methods.

Results. The peak values of the viral load in murine lung tissues were determined 72 hours after intranasal inoculation at dose of 2,85 lg TCID50. The quantitative real-time PCR testing has shown a significant decrease in the viral load compared to the control group by 4,65 lg copies/ml and 5,72 lg copies/ml in the lung tissue and nasal cavity samples, respectively. Histological methods revealed that the decrease in the number and frequency of observed pathomorphological changes in murine lung tissues depended on the introduction of the compound under study.

Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the possibility of using basidial fungus Inonotus obliquus aqueous extract as a preventive agent against circulating variants of SARS-CoV-2 virus.

About the authors

Andrey V. Shipovalov

State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector” of Rospotrebnadzor

Author for correspondence.
Email: shipovalov_av@vector.nsc.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1201-8307

Researcher, Department «Collection of microorganisms»

Russian Federation, 630559, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region

Gleb A. Kudrov

State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector” of Rospotrebnadzor

Email: kudrov_ga@vector.nsc.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8251-7040

Junior Researcher, Department «Collection of microorganisms»

Russian Federation, 630559, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region

Mikhail Yu. Kartashov

State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector” of Rospotrebnadzor

Email: kartashov_myu@vector.nsc.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7857-6822

MD, Researcher, Department of Molecular Virology for Flaviviruses and Viral Hepatitis

Russian Federation, 630559, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region

Irina A. Drachkova

State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector” of Rospotrebnadzor

Email: drachkova_ia@vector.nsc.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2522-1657

PhD (Biology), Researcher, Department «Collection of microorganisms»

Russian Federation, 630559, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region

Oleg V. Pyankov

State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector” of Rospotrebnadzor

Email: pyankov_ov@vector.nsc.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3340-8750

PhD (Biology), Head of Department «Collection of microorganisms»

Russian Federation, 630559, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region

Vladimir V. Omigov

State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector” of Rospotrebnadzor

Email: omigov_vv@vector.nsc.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2028-6099

MD, Leading Researcher, Department of microscopic research

Russian Federation, 630559, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region

Oleg S. Taranov

State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector” of Rospotrebnadzor

Email: taranov_os@vector.nsc.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6746-8092

Head of Department of microscopic research

Russian Federation, 630559, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region

Tamara V. Teplyakova

State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector” of Rospotrebnadzor

Email: teplyakova_tv@vector.nsc.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4754-5051

Doctor of sciences (Biology), Professor, Head of Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Biophysics and Environmental Research

Russian Federation, 630559, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region

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2. Fig. 1. Viral load in 10% lung tissue homogenate samples (a) and nasal cavity samples (b) of BALB/c mice on day 4 after intranasal inoculation with Omicron ВА.5.2 variant of SARS-CoV-2 virus. The viral load is expressed in lg copies/ml. Individual values are shown by dots, 95% confidence interval is shown by a vertical line. The p values above the brackets represent the comparison between the therapy group and the control group using Mann–Whitney test.

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3. Fig. 2. Histological sections of the lungs of BALB/c mice infected SARS-CoV-2 virus. Hematoxylin and eosin staining. Control group: a – decrease in the airiness of the pulmonary parenchyma (distelectasis), perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration; c – area of a sharp decrease in lung air filling (distelectasis), bronchi are unchanged; e – focus of inflammation with cellular detritus – on a micrograph in the center, next to a vessel in a state of perivascular infiltration (bottom left). Experimental group: b – vascular hyperemia, decreased air filling of the parenchyma, bronchi unchanged; d – parenchyma in a state of normal air filling, small edema locus; f – zone of moderate decrease in airiness against the background of vascular hyperemia, bronchi are unchanged.

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Copyright (c) 2023 Shipovalov A.V., Kudrov G.A., Kartashov M.Y., Drachkova I.A., Pyankov O.V., Omigov V.V., Taranov O.S., Teplyakova T.V.

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