Reactivation of Epstein–Barr virus (Herpesviridae: Lymphocryptovirus, HHV-4) infection during COVID-19: epidemiological features

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Abstract

Introduction. Immunodeficiency underlying the development of severe forms of new coronavirus infection may be the result of mixed infection with SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens, including Epstein–Barr virus (EBV).
The aim is to study the prevalence and epidemiological features of co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and EBV.
Material and methods. A cross-sectional randomized study was conducted in Moscow region from March to May 2020. Two groups were examined for EBV-markers: hospital patients (n = 95) treated for SARS-CoV-2 infection and blood donors (n = 92).
Results. With equal EBV prevalence the detection of active infection markers in donors (10.9%) was noticeably lower than in SARS-CoV-2 patients (80%). Significant differences in this indicator were also found when patients from subgroups with interstitial pneumonia with the presence (96.6%) and absence (97.2%) of SARS-CoV-2 in the nasopharyngeal smear were compared with the subgroup of patients with mild COVID-19 (43.3%). The average IgG VCA and IgG EBNA positivity coefficients in donor group were higher than in patient group (p < 0.05). Patients with active EBV infection markers were significantly more likely to have pneumonia, exceeding the reference values of ALT and the relative number of monocytes (odds ratio – 23.6; 3.5; 9.7, respectively).
Discussion. The present study examined the incidence and analyzed epidemiological features of active EBV infection in patients with COVID-19.
Conclusion. A significantly higher rate of detection of active EBV infection markers in hospital patients indicates a combined participation SARS-CoV-2 and EBV in the development of interstitial pneumonia. Low levels of specific IgG EBV serve as predictors of EBV reactivation. Exceeding the reference values of ALT and the relative number of monocytes in patients should serve as a reason for examination for active EBV infection markers.

About the authors

T. V. Solomay

Interregional Department No. 1 of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency; FSBSI «I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera»

Author for correspondence.
Email: solomay@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7040-7653

Solomay Tatyana Valeryevna, PhD (Medicine), Deputy Head of the Interregional Department № 1 of the FMBA of Russia; Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Epidemiological Analysis and Monitoring of Infectious Diseases, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "I. I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums", Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

123182, Moscow
105064, Moscow

Russian Federation

T. A. Semenenko

FSBI «National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya» of the Ministry of Health of Russia; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

Email: semenenko@gamaleya.org
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6686-9011

Semenenko Tatyana Anatolyevna, Dr of Sci (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Epidemiology, Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Professor of the Department of Infectology and Virology of the I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)

123098, Moscow
Moscow, 119991

Russian Federation

N. N. Filatov

FSBSI «I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera»; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

Email: n.n.filatov@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4857-9624

Filatov Nikolay Nikolaevich, Dr of Sci (Medicine), Professor, corresponding member of RAS, Deputy Director on scientific work, Federal state budget scientific institution "Scientific research Institute of vaccines and sera them. I. I. Mechnikov" Ministry of education and science, head, Department of epidemiology and modern vaccine technologies, Institute Federal STATE Autonomous educational institution of the First Moscow state medical University named after I. M. Sechenov of Ministry of healthcare of the Russian Federation (sechenovskiy University)

105064, Moscow
Moscow, 119991

Russian Federation

S. L. Vedunova

FSBSI «I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera»

Email: svetl.vedunova2012@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8992-9080

Vedunova Svetlana Leonardovna, PhD (Biology), Leading Researcher of the Laboratory for Diagnostics of Viral Infections

105064, Moscow
tel. 89636397205

Russian Federation

V. F. Lavrov

FSBSI «I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera»; FSBEI FPE «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education» of the Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: v.f.lavrov@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7006-506X

Lavrov Vyacheslav Fedorovich, Dr of Sci (Medicine), Professor, chief researcher, head of laboratory diagnostics of viral infections, Federal state budgetary scientific institution "Scientific research Institute of vaccines and sera them. I. I. Mechnikov" of the Ministry of education of Russia; Professor, Department of epidemiology, FGBOU DPO "Russian medical Academy of continuous education", Ministry of health of Russia

105064, Moscow
125993, Moscow
tel. (495) 916-22-03

Russian Federation

D. I. Smirnova

FSBSI «I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera»

Email: daria.sm.1995@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7325-0834

Smirnova Darya Ilinichna, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Virology

105064, Moscow

Russian Federation

A. V. Gracheva

FSBSI «I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera»

Email: nastuxa_70@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8428-4482

Gracheva Anastasiia Vyacheslavovna, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Virology

105064, Moscow

Russian Federation

E. B. Faizuloev

FSBSI «I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera»

Email: faizuloev@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7385-5083

Faizuloev Evgeny Bakhtierovich, PhD (Biology), Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Virology

105064, Moscow

Russian Federation

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Copyright (c) 2021 Solomay T.V., Semenenko T.A., Filatov N.N., Vedunova S.L., Lavrov V.F., Smirnova D.I., Gracheva A.V., Faizuloev E.B.

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