Саморазряд суперконденсаторов (обзор)

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Аннотация

Была рассмотрена литература по следующим вопросам: преимущества электрохимических суперконденсаторов (ЭХСК) перед аккумуляторами. Показано, что основным недостатком ЭХСК является быстрый саморазряд. Проведено исследование саморазряда ЭХСК; были описаны методы исследования саморазряда, влияние на саморазряд функциональных углеродных групп (ФГ), механизмы саморазряда и математическое моделирование саморазряда. Была описана разработка новых устройств суперконденсаторов для минимизации саморазряда, а именно добавки в электролит, твердотельные суперконденсаторы, ЭХСК с ионообменными мембранами, использование беспримесных электролитов, методы химической модификации электродов для замедления саморазряда. Было проведено исследование саморазряда ЭХСК с электродами на основе активированной углеродной (АУ) ткани СН 900 компании Kuraray с водным электролитом 1 М MgSO4. Установлено, что скорость саморазряда через ~70 мин после его начала пропорциональна напряжению заряда. Зависимость же скорости саморазряда через 2000 мин после его начала от напряжения имеет минимум. Этот минимум объясняется, во-первых, существенным вкладом в емкость псевдоемкости фарадеевских редокс-реакций ФГ, а во-вторых, само наличие этих групп увеличивает скорость саморазряда. В области низких напряжений доминирует первый фактор, а в области высоких напряжений – второй фактор.

Об авторах

Ю. М. Вольфкович

Институт физической химии и электрохимии им. А.Н. Фрумкина РАН

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: yuvolf40@mail.ru
Россия, 119991, Москва

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© Ю.М. Вольфкович, 2023

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