Modern approaches to the study of phenolic compounds of medicinal plant raw materials

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Abstract

Introduction. Phenolic compounds are a group of secondary metabolites characterized by a significant variety of structures and biological activity. These substances are widely distributed among plants and are the subject of many studies aimed at the search and development of new medicines and preventive products.

The purpose of this work is to summarize and analyze literature data on modern methods of extraction, separation, identification of phenolic compounds, as well as their qualitative and quantitative analysis. According to the literature, maceration and circulating extraction are used for the extraction of phenolic compounds, as well as alternative methods such as ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, accelerated solvent extraction and extraction using high-voltage electric discharges.

Material and methods. Such methods as liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction, precipitation, centrifugation, filtration (micro-, ultra- and nanofiltration), crystallization and various chromatographic methods are used for purification and separation of substances. The identification of phenolic compounds is based on the determination of their physico-chemical characteristics obtained by NMR-spectroscopy, UV-, IR-, and mass spectrometry. In the qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds, the use of high-performance liquid chromatography in combination with diode array detection and mass spectrometric detection shows the greatest efficiency. To assess the total content of phenolic compounds, a spectrophotometric method is used based on their interaction with Folin–Denis or Folin–Chocolteu reagents, and for flavonoids with an aluminum chloride solution.

Conclusion. Thus, modern phytochemical studies have a significant arsenal of extraction, separation and analysis methods that make it possible to efficiently and reliably determine the composition and content of phenolic compounds in plant raw materials. At the same time, despite the high informative value of the methods currently used, the fundamental stage of phytochemical research remains the development of an experimental methodology determined by the specifics of the structure and properties of the substances being determined, as well as related components.

About the authors

Andrey Ivanovich Radimich

All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Author for correspondence.
Email: vilarnii.radimich@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1139-8902
SPIN-code: 5452-2675

senior researcher at the department of chemistry and technology of natural compounds

Russian Federation, Grina str., 7, Moscow, 117213

Olga Leonidovna Saybel

All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Email: olster@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8059-5064
SPIN-code: 2842-4587

Doctor of pharmaceutical sciences. Head of the center for chemistry and pharmaceutical technology

Russian Federation, Grina str., 7, Moscow, 117213

Tamara Darizhapovna Dargaeva

All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Email: dargaevatd@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0722-9479
SPIN-code: 1621-1902

Doctor of pharmaceutical sciences. Chief Researcher, Department of chemistry and technology of natural compounds

Russian Federation, Grina str., 7, Moscow, 117213

Tamara Danilovna Rendyuk

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

Email: aramat_17@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0359-3847
SPIN-code: 7419-1424

Candidate of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Associate Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Natural Sciences

Russian Federation, Trubetskaya str., 8/2, Mosсow, 119991

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