Vol 74, No 7-8 (2017)

It is demonstrated that a femtosecond laser beam forms in alkali-silicon glass with different Na₂O concentration microregions that possess birefringence associated with the formation of nanolattices. The phase shift of such regions is determined as a function of the number and energy of the laser pulses. The minimum number of pulses required for birefringence to appear increases with increasing Na₂O concentration. At 10⁷ pulses the phase shift reaches approximately the same maximum value for all glass compositions, which indicates that the diffusion of alkali ions in the process of formation of nanolattices plays a leading role in such glasses.

The results of an investigation into the production of porous aluminum oxide, which is a typical self-organized material, by anodic oxidation of aluminum in acid solutions are presented. The functional dependences of the impact of the formation conditions on the structural parameters of porous anodic aluminum oxide, including pore diameter and oxide-cell size, are studied.

The results of investigations on the development of a porous zeolite ceramic based on native raw material from the Amur region for filters and catalyst carriers are presented. The structural and mechanical properties of the obtained material were studied. It is shown that kaolin as a sintering additive in firing strengthens the blanks.

The effect of introducing into slip ceramic pigments of different types on the change in the properties of the slip is studied. The pigments have a thinning effect on the slip and increase the build-up rate of the intermediate-product wall.Water suspensions of ceramic pigments can be neutral, weakly acidic or weakly alkaline and change the rheological properties of the slips which they color: red and light-blue pigments decrease while brown and rose pigments increase the thickening factor and viscosity.

The chemical stability and change in composition and structure of materials based on fused minerals and sodium liquid glass in the presence of interaction with corrosive liquids were studied. IR spectroscopy and chemical analysis showed that under the action of acids the degree of polymerization of silicate compositions increases as the decrease of the modifier cation content. The action of an alkaline solution is to shift the stretching vibrational bands of the Si–O–Si bonds into the low-frequency region as a result of a reduction of the SiO₂ content. All studied materials are stable in water and 3% CH₃COOH. The materials showing the highest stability in 20% H₂SO₄and 35% NaOH solutions are pyroxene-based.

Low-crystallizability glass with dielectric loss angle tangent 0.0035, density 3388 kg/m³, CLTE = 84.5 × 10 ^{– 7} K^{– 1}, and minimum absorption in the ranges 8 – 11.3 and 26 – 35 GHz was developed in the system R₂O–BaO–TiO₂–SiO₂, where R₂O = Li₂O, K₂O, and Na₂O.

The particulars of the macrostructure of rigid heat-insulating materials based on fibers with a mullite-corundum composition are examined. It is shown that the physical and mechanical properties of the materials vary over the volume of a sample. The reasons for defects are analyzed and ways to increase the isotropy of the properties of fibrous materials are indicated.

The effect of different electrolytes (soda ash, liquid glass, sodium tripolyphosphate), individually and in different combinations, as well as thinning additives (Terrablend, Complex M, Fluimis FL70, Fluicer PD96/F, and Hydrocer LC) on the rheological properties and stability of ceramic slip used in making heat-resistant lithium-aluminum-silicate ceramic was studied. It was found that the introduction of the electrolyte Complex M gives the greatest thinning of a ceramic suspension because two stability factors are arise simultaneously — electrokinematic and adsorption-solvation.

Optimal compositions for the synthesis of foamed glass using slag wastes from thermal power plants TPP — foamed slag glass — were developed. Software for modeling the foaming process was developed on the basis of experimental data; this software makes it possible to determine the structure of the foamed slag glass without performing additional experimental studies.

The use of the heat of cooling of molten glass in the through channels of a furnace in the production of container glass was examined. The use of an intermediate heat carrier — circulating furnace gases — makes it possible to reach high thermal uniformity, good regulation of the temperature of the molten glass, high rate of heat exchange, and flexibility in constructing thermal schemes. The use of the heat of the molten glass for steam conversion of the natural gas, which serves for heating the melting part of the furnace, makes it possible to reduce the overall fuel consumption by 5%. In obtaining steam via the heat of the melt in the through channel it is possible to generate about 16 kWh of electricity per ton of molten glass.

The problem of obtaining defect-free, corrosion-resistant, glass-enamel coatings for steel pipelines is now high-priority. The composition of a corrosion-resistant coating for steel pipes has been developed and the technical and operational properties of the synthesized glass-enamel coatings investigated. The compositions developed for enamel coatings exhibit high adhesion and chemical resistance to corrosive media and can be recommended for use in the production of enameled pipes.