No 10 (2023)

The XX Congress of the CPC, calling the agrarian sphere of the country, its lag, the most difficult link of the entire program of socialist modernization of China, set the task “tо accelerate creation of a strong agriculture” (nungye qiang guo), i.e. a strong agrarian power, in order to overcome the lag of the agrarian sphere as soon as possible, to create the most favorable conditions for the revival of the village, and for the cause of the entire socialist modernization of the country.The article deals with the task of building the “nungye qiang guo” set by the XX Congress of the CPC, the process of forming a strategy for its creation and the corresponding new course of modernization of agriculture, taking into account Chinese specifics.

Saudi Arabia’s unique position in the world in terms of oil and Islam is combined with the preservation of a traditional, albeit changing, socio-political order based on Sharia in its Wahhabi interpretation. Many scholars have repeatedly been pessimistic about the future of the Saudi regime. However, history has demonstrated its amazing resilience.Established by King Faisal in the 1960s–70s, the balance in the royal family has helped avoid major upheavals for almost half a century. Yet socio-political stagnation, the emergence of new social forces in Saudi society, and conflicts within the “tribe of Al Saud” threatened to destabilize the situation.In response, King Salman (since 2015) and his son Mohammed have focused on the strengthening the centralization of power in their hands and began to implement the necessary socio-economic reforms, breaking the resistance of the opposition. Their task was and is to adapt the country to the new realities of the 20th century in the context of growing multipolarity.

The article is dedicated to the phenomenon of “coupvolution” (the term originally mentioned by researcher Nathan Toronto), which is a combination of revolution and military coup. This phenomenon was first noticed and described during events in Egypt in 2011, and, consequently, such events have begun occurring all around Africa. This article is focused on the specifics of the coupvolution phenomenon and its most notable examples. Mostly, the phenomenon of “coupvolution” is related to Sub-Saharan Africa and its study could contribute to both political science and African studies. The article is concluded with an idea that “coupvolution” is an understudied phenomenon, and its research could be an important step in understanding African political processes.

Based on sociological research data, the article attempts to provide a comprehensive description of the role of the realization of opportunities as a driver of African economic migration to Europe. It has been found that it is of particular importance that the vast majority of economic migrants are urban residents.The continent’s experience of rapid urbanization serves as a backdrop for irregular African migration to Europe. About half of the migrants had relatives who had previously moved to other African countries or the EU. The idea of personal mobility is one of the driving factors influencing the decision to migrate. Migrants are in many cases better educated than their peers in their home countries, suggesting that increased levels of education have significantly expanded a person’s horizons and ambitions. It was concluded that economic motives, closely related to self-realization, played a fundamental role in stimulating migration from Africa to Europe.A sociological portrait of African youth, which documents the dominance of personal and entrepreneurial ambitions in their worldview and confidence in their personal future, shows that the motive for realizing opportunities and the impossibility of satisfying it within the African continent is one of the long-term drivers of potential readiness for economic migration.