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Vol 52, No 4 (2025)
ВОДНЫЕ РЕСУРСЫ И РЕЖИМ ВОДНЫХ ОБЪЕКТОВ
Modeling the dynamics of the characteristics of snow cover formation regime on the territory of Russian Federation. 4. Scenario projecting of changes in snow cover characteristics in the 21st century
Abstract
A methodology for scenario projecting of changes in the characteristics of snow cover on the territory of the Russian Federation in the 21st century has been developed. The methodology is based on the use of the SWAP land surface model in combination with scenario projections of the long-term dynamics of meteorological forcing fields simulated by five global climate models. Using the developed methodology, the fields of climatic values of maximum snow water equivalent and snow cover duration were simulated for the Russian Federation territory for three projection periods and various scenarios of climate change in the 21st century. The patterns of dynamics of climatic values of snow cover characteristics up to 2100 for the main geographical regions of the Russian Federation (European territory of Russia, Western Siberia, Eastern Siberia and the Far East) were analyzed.
Water Resources. 2025;52(4):3-19
3-19
Method of Semi-Distributed Hydrological Model Soil Moisture Downscaling
Abstract
Demonstrates the possibility of using a topographic-based downscaling method of soil moisture content derived from the ECOMAG semi-distributed model on the example of the Ussuri River catchment (24,400 km2). The spatial resolution of the hydrological modeling results is increased by multiplying the low-resolution source data by the weight raster calculated on the basis of the relative slope position. The Tobler areal interpolation method is used as a smoothing function on the boundaries of model subbasins, ensuring preservation of subbasin average moisture content. The proposed method features and possible limitations of the practical application are discussed.
Water Resources. 2025;52(4):20-30
20-30
Numerical hydrodynamic modeling of rain runoff parameters of Gelendzhik city
Abstract
A numerical hydrodynamic model of the Gelendzhik city catchment is presented, including the entire territory of the city and the mountainous part of the southern slope of the Markkhot Ridge. The model takes into account all city blocks and streets, as well as the projected upland collector for diverting part of the mountain runoff bypassing the city, culverts on the M4 highway and the projected waterside collector. Variant calculations of intense rains of low probability with duration of 20 and 720 minutes were performed. The flow depths, velocities and dynamic head values were obtained on all city highways, the most dangerous sections were determined. It was concluded that in order to prevent catastrophic values of these parameters in most of the territory of the city of Gelendzhik, it is necessary to build the upland collector for rains with a probability of 5% or less, and the waterside collector for rains with a probability of 10% or less.
Water Resources. 2025;52(4):31-45
31-45
ГИДРОХИМИЯ, ГИДРОБИОЛОГИЯ, ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ
JUSTIFICATION OF THE POSSIBLE BIOGENIC LOAD ON ONEGSKOE LAKE AND PROGNOSTIC ASSESSMENTS OF CHANGES IN ITS ECOSYSTEM UNDER DIFFERENT CLIMATIC AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC SCENARIOS
Abstract
The article presents a substantiation of the possible nutrient load on Lake Onego and its catchment area by the middle of the 21st century, taking into account the RCP climate change scenarios Onegskoe Lake (Onego) and socio-economic conditions. The socio-economic development estimates are obtained based on the analysis of official statistical data and model estimates for the seven largest regions included in the lake catchment area. Possible climate changes and their impact on the lake water balance are considered. It is shown that the implementation of the RCP 2.6 scenario can lead to a decrease in the nutrient load on the lake from the main tributaries due to a decrease in river runoff, and with the implementation of the RCP 8.5 scenario, an increase in runoff and a corresponding increase in the removal of phosphorus and nitrogen by 14.0–22.5% should be expected. Calculations based on the ILLM model (Institute of Limnology) for assessing the diffuse nutrient load showed that the introduction of the best available technologies (BAT) in agricultural production will not have a noticeable impact on the ecological state of Lake Onego. Estimates of the possible increase in nitrogen and phosphorus input from the catchment area and its sub-basins to the lake by 2050, while maintaining the growth rate of fish farming in the water bodies of the catchment area, show that a slight increase in the nutrient load on the lake for phosphorus of less than 4% can be expected compared to 2021. However, if the production growth rate increases, the nutrient load may increase to 30% compared to the current level. Estimates of the permissible load (PL) and assimilation potential (AP) of the lake for nutrients to maintain the trophic status of the lake are presented. The obtained calculations formed the basis for assigning the biogenic load to the lake until 2050 to obtain estimates of possible changes in the lake ecosystem on a 3-D SPLEM model with high spatial resolution (1 km), which showed that, if the considered scenarios are implemented, the main increase in primary production of phytoplankton until 2050 will be observed in the bays and gulfs of Lake Onego, while in the open areas of the lake a slight increase in primary production may be observed.
Water Resources. 2025;52(4):46-63
46-63
Formation of the chemical composition of the waters of small rivers of the Volga basin in the Tver region in the summer
Abstract
The investigation of natural processes of the chemical composition formation of river waters and the influence of anthropogenic factors on them remains an urgent task of hydrochemistry. In July 2021, a water quality assessment was carried out based on hydrochemical indicators of the upper reaches of 29 small rivers of the Volga River basin within the Tver region. The position of most of the ranges is chosen, if possible, in homogeneous landscape conditions of catchments minimally affected by economic activity. The obtained characteristics can be considered as close as possible to the natural background indicators for the summer low water period.The analysis of spatial differentiation of natural factors was carried out on the basis of landscape maps, geochemical and hydrogeological cartographic materials published different years. The dataset of hydrochemical characteristics was processed using two variations of the hierarchical cluster analysis method. Significant spatial differentiation of the chemical composition of waters has been revealed, and landscape diversity does not play a clear determining role. The chemical composition of water in small rivers is mainly influenced by two factors. The high waterlogging of the catchment leads to an increase in concentrations of Fe, organic matter, phenols and color of the surface waters. The presence of channel lakes negates this factor, which is most noticeably manifested in the association of river waters of the Volga and Selizharovka. The second factor is the recharge by deep groundwater, which increases the mineralization of river waters, the content of basic ions, F, Sr, P, and the leaching of silicates from bedrock. The combined influence of both factors seems to determine the high concentrations of manganese in the region.
Water Resources. 2025;52(4):64-77
64-77
ESTIMATION OF THE CONTENT OF LARGE COLLOIDS BY DYNAMIC LIGHT SCATTERING AT THE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF RIVER WATERS OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST
Abstract
Using the example of the rivers of the boreal zone of the Far East of the Russian Federation, it is shown that the dynamic light scattering (DLS) intensity is proportional to the content of large colloidal particles (0.05–1.0μm) in the filtrates obtained in the process of water preparation for chemical analysis. Accordingly, the DLS method can be used to characterize the content of large colloids in river waters, assess the efficiency of colloid separation from suspended particles, and control membrane clogging during filtration. A significant direct correlation was found between the DLS intensity of filtrates and the concentration of Fe, Al, and Ti in them in accordance with the maximum affinity of these metals to large colloids. This confirms the dependence of the DLS intensity of filtrates on the mass content of large colloids in them. A significant, but less strong relationship is observed with REEs, Th, and other hydrolysates (Zr, Hf, Sc, Ga), in the balance of which large colloids can also play a significant role in the river waters. The concentration of chemical elements for which dissolved forms of migration prevail (major cations, Li, Sr, Ba, Mo, U) or small colloidal forms (DOC, Cu) do not show any connection with the intensity of DLS in filtrates. Information on the content of large colloidal particles in filtrates, obtained by the DLS method, allows us to better understand the causes and scales of spatial and seasonal variability of the concentration of a number of hydrolysatrs (Fe, Al, Ti, REEs, Th, etc.) in river waters, as well as to control the possible influence of filtration artifacts on the results of chemical analysis of waters.
Water Resources. 2025;52(4):78-93
78-93
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN THE LAKE ELTON
Abstract
It is shown that for the lake Elton (on the border of the shallow river Chernavka–lake) is characterized by high concentrations of not only salts, but also organic compounds: Corg, lipids, hydrocarbons. The composition of alkanes in particulate matter corresponded to weathered oil hydrocarbons, despite the absence of pollution sources. This phenomenon is due to the geological conditions of the lake basin–the oil and gas bearing Elton salt dome structure. Therefore, the content and composition of organic compounds is affected by the seepage of hydrocarbons from the sedimentary strata.
Water Resources. 2025;52(4):94-103
94-103
The influence of seasonal changes in the water regime on the number of microorganisms and the concentration of volatile organic compounds in the water and bottom sediments of the Amur River at Khabarovsk in the high-water year of 2019
Abstract
Microbiological and chemical-analytical studies of the quality of water and bottom sediments of the Amur River at Khabarovsk were carried out in different phases of water content. The water quality significantly depended on the water regime of the river and varied along the cross-sectional profile. During periods of a steady rise in the water level during floods, the average number of all ecotrophic groups of bacteria was 3–6 times higher than during periods of water decline. The number of saprophytic bacteria at the rise in water levels and at the peak of the flood averaged ~ 3.5 thousand CFU/ml, heterotrophic – 25.8 thousand CFU/ml, hydrocarbon-oxidizing – 0.8 thousand CFU/ml. At low levels, the deterioration of water quality was influenced by small rivers of Khabarovsk, which was reflected in a higher number of bacteria along the right bank by 3–5 times than on the left. During the closed channel period and spring low water, methanol dominated in the volatile organic compounds in the water (up to 510μg/l), which was recorded in 100% of the samples. Hexane (50%, up to 20.7μg/l),m-xylene (50%, up to 6.5μg/l),o-xylene (57%, up to 3.8μg/l), and toluene (43%, up to 107.6μg/l) were also frequently detected. During floods, the content of volatile organic compounds significantly decreased, but acetone (in 87% of samples) entered the aquatic environment from the flooded soils of the floodplains and vegetation – up to 55μg/l at the peak of the flood. In the bottom sediments formed under the influence of the runoff of small rivers of Khabarovsk, there is an accumulation of weakly decomposed organic matter, hydrocarbons up to 142 mg/kg, volatile organic compounds up to 964.6μg/dm3, active production of organic matter is noted. In the bottom sediments formed under the influence of the runoff of the Songhua River, the content of volatile organic compounds was 2025.9μg/dm3, which are mainly of technogenic origin.
Water Resources. 2025;52(4):104-118
104-118
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND INTERANNUAL DYNAMICS OF SEDIMENTARY PIGMENTS AS PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VOLGOGRAD RESERVOIR
Abstract
First data on the content of plant pigments in bottom sediments are given for the large floodplain-valley Volgograd Reservoir (Lower Volga, Russia). The data were collected from 2011 to 2021. It was shown that the spatial distribution of pigments over the bottom area is determined by the hydrodynamic activity that forms the structure of the bottom sediment complex. Low concentrations of chlorophyllaand pheopigments in the upper 5-cm layer of bottom sediments (<1 μg/g dry sediments) are confined to zones of transport and redeposition of suspended matter, and high concentrations (100–240 μg/g dry sediment) are observed in places with weak hydrodynamics (mouth zones of tributaries, bays, dam area). The average concentration of pigments increases from 9.1 ± 6.3 μg/g dry sediments in the riverine section to 54.5 ± 10.7 μg/g dry sediments in the lacustrine area. The interannual dynamics of pigment content in surface sediments is characterized by stochasticity without a pronounced trend.In cores of gray clayey silts, the pigment concentrations increased from the lower layers to the upper ones. According to the total content of chlorophyllaand its derivatives in bottom sediments, the trophic state of the benthal of the Volgograd reservoir is mesotrophic. The obtained results can be used to assess the productivity of bottom biotopes in reservoirs.
Water Resources. 2025;52(4):119-131
119-131
MONITORING OF ZOOBENTHOS AS A BASIS OF THE FOOD SUPPLY OF FISH IN THE ZONE OF THE MIDDLE TIMAN BAUXITE MINE
Abstract
In the Vym River and its tributaries, located in the area of industrial activity of theMiddle Timan Bauxite Mine(Komi Republic), two cycles of hydrobiological monitoring were conducted between 2000 and 2022. The identified benthic invertebrate taxa are typical for rivers of the Timan region. The monitoring sites were dominated by macrozoobenthos: larvae of chironomids, mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies, and in some areas – oligochaetes and mollusks; in certain years, high abundances of meiobenthic groups were recorded. Fluctuations in the abundance and biomass of benthos during both monitoring periods were withinthe range of interannual variation. According to fishery classification, the studied watercourses of the Vym River basin are considered to have a medium level of food capacity of benthophagous fish, and the overall fish productivity at the surveyed sites has remained stable.
Water Resources. 2025;52(4):132-144
132-144