Мобильные и немобильные: многообразие обратных транскриптаз и их рекрутирование геномом хозяина
- Авторы: Архипова И.Р1, Юшенова И.А1
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Учреждения:
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory
- Выпуск: Том 88, № 11 (2023)
- Страницы: 2127-2137
- Раздел: Статьи
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/0320-9725/article/view/233504
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.31857/S0320972523110088
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/MLIDVY
- ID: 233504
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Аннотация
Обратные транскриптазы (reverse transcriptase, RT), или РНК-зависимые ДНК-полимеразы - это необычные ферменты, которые впервые дали возможность пересмотреть общепринятое представление об однонаправленном потоке генетической информации в клетке от ДНК к РНК и белку. RT были впервые обнаружены в ретровирусах позвоночных, а впоследствии - повторно обнаружены у большинства эукариот, бактерий и архей (что, по сути, охватывает все надцарства живых организмов). В ретровирусах RT обеспечивают возможность копировать РНК-геном в ДНК для последующего включения в геном хозяина, что важно для репликации и выживания. В клеточных организмах большинство последовательностей RT происходит от ретротранспозонов - типа самореплицирующихся генетических элементов, которые полагаются на обратную транскрипцию для копирования и вставки своих последовательностей в новые места генома. Однако некоторые ретроэлементы могут быть «одомашнены» и в конечном итоге стать ценным дополнением к общему репертуару клеточных ферментов. Они могут быть полезными и при этом либо вспомогательными - например, как элементы, генерирующие разнообразие (diversity-generating elements) - либо даже незаменимыми, как теломеразные RT. В настоящее время обнаруживают всё большее количество «одомашненных» генетических элементов, несущих гены RT. Можно утверждать, что «одомашненные» RT и обратная транскрипция в целом более широко распространены в клеточных организмах, чем считалось ранее, и что многие важные клеточные функции, такие как поддержание стабильности концов хромосом, могли возникнуть из изначально «эгоистичного» процесса преобразования РНК в ДНК.
Об авторах
И. Р Архипова
Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory
Email: iarkhipova@mbl.edu
Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA
И. А Юшенова
Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory
Email: iyushenova@mbl.edu
Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA
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