Brian Houghton Hodgson. At the origins of European Buddhology

封面

全文:

开放存取 开放存取
受限制的访问 ##reader.subscriptionAccessGranted##
受限制的访问 订阅存取

详细

The article describes the life and work of Brian Houghton Hodgson (1801–1894), who was servant of the Honourable East India Company (HEICo) in Nepal in 1820−1843. After this he worked as an independent scholar in Sikkim until 1858. Hodgson was among the first European scholars of Buddhism, and the article focuses on the analysis of his views on Buddhism, as well as his efforts to collect Sanskrit manuscripts of classical Buddhist texts. The life and scientific research of Hodgson is considered a typical example of the activities of the first Western Orientalists, who combined service in the colonies with the study of the languages and culture of the Asian peoples. Hodgson received special training for colonial officials and worked for many years as a servant of the HEICo in Nepal, where, along with his official duties, he studied natural history, ethnography and religion of the region. Hodgson collected and donated to universities, libraries and museums in Europe more than four hundred manuscripts of Sanskrit Buddhist writings, previously either completely unknown to European science, or known only in Chinese and Tibetan translations. The study and translation of these manuscripts laid a solid foundation for European Buddhology. In his own works on Buddhism Hodgson identified and characterized four philosophical schools of Indian Buddhism, outlined the Buddhist concepts of the "primordial Buddha" (Adi-Buddha), "contemplation buddhas" (dhyani-buddhas), described Buddhist cosmology and a number of other Buddhist concepts. In addition, he classified the genres of Buddhist literature, took part in the discussion about the original language of the Buddhist canon, showed the inconsistency of the ideas that existed at that time about the African origin of Buddha Shakyamuni. Hodgson's Buddhist views gained recognition in the 19th century, but the accumulation of scientific knowledge about Buddhism showed the fallacy of many of the concepts he put forward. Nevertheless, they played a role in the formation of Western Buddhology, and understanding the history of the study of Buddhism in the West is completely impossible without taking into account Hodgson's works.

作者简介

Aleksey Gunsky

ANO «Institute of East Culture»

70 lit.1, Revolutsionnaya str., 443080, Samara, Russian Federation

参考

  1. Алаев Л.Б. Историография истории Индии. М.: Ин-т востоковедения РАН, 2013. С. 63−65.
  2. Альбедиль М.Ф. Неварский буддизм: синтез с индуизмом // Буддизм Ваджраяны в России: Актуальная история и социокультурная аналитика. Материалы VI Междунар. науч.-практ. конф. / Отв. редактор А.М. Алексеев-Апраксин. М.: Алмазный путь, 2020. С. 44−50.
  3. Ермакова Т.В. Брайан Хьютон Ходжсон (Brian Houghton Hodgson, 1800-1894) как пионер комплексного обследования Гималайского региона // Российские гималайские исследования: вчера, сегодня, завтра. СПб.: Европейский Дом, 2017. С. 46−50.
  4. Историография истории Древнего Востока: Иран, Средняя Азия, Индия, Китай / под ред. проф. В.И. Кузищина. СПб.: Алетейя, 2002. С. 88.
  5. Лысенко В.Г., Терентьев А.А., Шохин В.К. Ранняя буддийская философия. Философия джайнизма. М.: Изд. фирма «Восточная литература», 1994. С. 25.
  6. Рисъ-Дэвидсъ Т.В. Буддизм. Очерк жизни и учений Гаутамы Будды / пер. с англ. М.Э. Гюнсбурга. СПБ.: В.И. Губинский, 1901. С. 190−192.
  7. Allen Ch. The Prisoner of Kathmandu: Brian Hodgson in Nepal 1820-43. New Delhi: Speaking Tiger, 2016.
  8. Burnouf E. Introduction a l’Histoire du Buddhisme Indien. Paris: Imprimerie Royale, 1844.
  9. Cocker M., Inskipp C. A Himalayan Ornithologist: The Life and Work of Brian Houghton Hodgson. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.
  10. Gellner D.N. Hodgson’s Blind Alley? On the So-Called Schools of Nepalese Buddhism // Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies, 1989. Vol. 13.1. P. 7–19.
  11. Hammar U. Studies in the Kālacakra Tantra: A History of the Kālacakra Tantra in Tibet and a Study of the Concept of Ādibuddha, the Fourth Body of the Buddha and the Supreme Unchanging. Stockholm: Akademitryck, Edsbruk, 2005.
  12. Hodgson B.H. Illustrations of the Literature and Religion of the Buddhists. Serampore, 1841.
  13. Hodgson B.H. Essays on the Languages, Literature, and Religion of Nepal and Tibet, Together with Further Papers on the Geography, Ethnology and Commerce of Those Countries. London: Trubner, 1874.
  14. Hodgson B.H. Miscellaneous Essays Relating to Indian Subjects. 2 vols. London: Trubner, 1880.
  15. Hunter W.W. Life of Brian Houghton Hodgson: British Resident at the Court of Nepal. London: J. Murray. 1896.
  16. Joshi H.R. Brian Houghton Hodgson – the unsung story // The Origins of Himalayan Studies: Brian Houghton Hodgson in Nepal and Darjeeling, 1820−1858 / ed. Waterhouse D.M. London, New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004. P. 39−48.
  17. Lopez D.S. Jr. The Ambivalent Exegete: Hodgson’s Contributions to the Study of Buddhism // The Origins of Himalayan Studies: Brian Houghton Hodgson in Nepal and Darjeeling, 1820−1858 / ed. Waterhouse D.M. London, New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004. P. 49−76.
  18. Pradhan K.L. Brian Hodgson at the Kathmandu Residency: 1825–1843. Guwahati: Spectrum Publications, 2001.
  19. The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism / eds. Buswell R.E. Jr., Lopez D.S. Jr. Princeton, Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2013. P. 257.
  20. The Origins of Himalayan Studies: Brian Houghton Hodgson in Nepal and Darjeeling, 1820−1858 / ed. Waterhouse D.M. London, New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004.
  21. Thapa Sh. History of Nepalese Buddhism: From Mythological Tradition to the Lichhavi Period // Voice of History, 2001. №16 (2). P. 25−42. doi: 10.3126/voh.v16i2.76
  22. Trautmann Th.R. Foreword // The Origins of Himalayan Studies: Brian Houghton Hodgson in Nepal and Darjeeling, 1820−1858 / ed. Waterhouse D.M. London, New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004. P. XIII−XIX.
  23. Turnour G. Epitome of the History of Ceylon. Compiled from Native Annals, and the First Twenty Chapters the Mahavamso. Ceylon: Cotta Church Mission Press, 1836.
  24. Whelpton J. Brian Hodgson – a Biographical Sketch // The Origins of Himalayan Studies: Brian Houghton Hodgson in Nepal and Darjeeling, 1820−1858 / ed. Waterhouse D.M. London, New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004. P. 1−24.
  25. Whelpton J. The Political Role of Brian Hodgson // The Origins of Himalayan Studies: Brian Houghton Hodgson in Nepal and Darjeeling, 1820−1858 / ed. Waterhouse D.M. London; New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004. P. 25−38.

版权所有 © Russian Academy of Sciences, 2023

##common.cookie##