No 4 (2024)

The article examines the problems of development of the military economy taking into account historical trends. The relationship between the military and civilian sectors is shown. It is assumed, that during a military conflict spending on defense and national security should be a priority, the government controlling the distribution of the resources, goods and services through rationing. When forming a mechanism for managing military-economic activities, special attention should be given to the effective use of resources allocated for defense needs. With that, one should keep in mind the contradiction between the unlimited military needs of the state and the limited resources that can be directed at any given time for defense purposes. Since the existing mechanism for managing Russia’s military economy does not fully meet modern requirements, a radical restructuring and improvement of this mechanism is needed to solve the existing problems.

The purpose of this article is to outline the future development of the circular economy (CE) concept, which is moving towards a standardized model, although it does not yet have a standardized definition. EC has been developing very dynamically over the past 10–15 years around the world: for example, the process of creating a new multilateral environmental agreement to completely stop the use of disposable plastic products, the development of indicators and tools for implementing the concept, and the introduction of a number of new laws are taking place. Research methodology: an analysis of the process of standardization of a low-carbon economy through the integration of environmental parameters into the socio-economic system (anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and their absorption) is carried out from the point of view of reporting by companies. Results of the study: firstly, the key types of reporting by companies on the low-carbon economy and the typology of standards used have been identified. Secondly, existing types of reporting and standards related to the EC model are identified, and possible ways to make the transition to full EC standardization are explored. Originality and contribution of the author: for the first time in Russia, the work presents a comparative analysis between EC and the low-carbon economy, taking into account such parameters as the volumes and dynamics of these markets, the role, structure and prospects for the development of the EPC standardization process.

The article analyzes the genesis of the entrepreneurial university model and the experience of its Anglo-Saxon version transfer to the Russian institutional environment in 2010–2020: non-organic character of the entrepreneurial function in Russian universities, in the perception of both administrators and the bulk of the academics; closeness of some leading technical universities to external stakeholders (business angels and venturers) due to the secrecy of the research conducted; unwillingness and/or inability of the academics to invest own time and energy in the creation and conduct of business; failure of the administration to take into account the interests of teams of start-upers, which generates disbelief in the possibility of implementing a business project at the university; the focus of the university administration on supporting student entrepreneurship and underestimating or ignoring the need to create conditions for the development of entrepreneurial activity of academic staff. A new approach (“reassembly”) of a poorly working model based on a different understanding of the possibilities and actors of the “triple helix” is proposed, which may be more adequate under the current conditions.

The article reveals the problems, prospects and contemporary mechanisms of carbon financing, the relevance of which is increasing in the face of new challenges associated with the development of reproductive processes in developing countries. At the same time, it is indicated that in some cases there are problems associated with the administration of business processes that ensure measurable emission reductions, which requires careful selection, monitoring and intergovernmental support for multilateral projects that contribute to the implementation of environmental protection and climate change programs. The article contains practical recommendations aimed at ensuring the economic interests of business entities based on the usage of additional financing mechanisms for development programs, including carbon emissions compensation, green bonds, carbon tax, climate funds, environmental certificates, etc. The conclusion is made about the expediency of using carbon financing mechanisms in business process that contribute to the cooperation between partner countries, accumulation of resources for project implementation, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and sustainable economic growth of developing countries.