Serbia’s and Romania’s Security Policy: Constants and Variables

The article examines the evolution of Serbia’s and Romania’s security policies from the period of détente to the present day. It identifies both the constant elements in the approaches of the two countries and the changes that have occurred in their positions. During the bipolar era, both countries sought to strengthen their status as independent states and increase their importance in European politics. They played a significant role in the development and outcomes of the Helsinki Process. However, since the end of the Cold War, Romania, having joined the EU and NATO, has been fully in solidarity with the Western policy of confronting Russia. The foreign policy strategy of modern Serbia is aimed at cooperating with as many states and organizations as possible, including maintaining a strategic partnership with Russia. The article provides a detailed analysis of the reasons for Serbia’s policy continuity and Romania’s radical shift. It is noted that the Ukrainian crisis has had a significant impact on the domestic political situation in both countries, transforming their perceptions of threats to European security. The article concludes that Serbia’s and Romania’s security policies will continue to evolve in the near future. Serbia will maintain its focus on joining the EU and preserving a military neutral status, while also hoping for an end to the Russia-West confrontation, which will allow Belgrade to pursue a multi-vector foreign policy in line with the non-aligned principles of Yugoslavia. Romania will continue to pursue a hardline pro-NATO policy, increasing its influence within the Alliance as a leading European outpost. It will increase its defense spending and seek ways to enhance its military capabilities through cooperation, primarily with the US, and in the EU. The socio-economic state of the Romanian nation will play a crucial role. If the situation worsens, right-wing populists may gain power, leading to a shift in foreign policy priorities.