Moscow University Geology Bulletin

Possible approaches to the classification of technogenic soils in the framework of their general classification system are discussed in connection with the revision of one of the basic regulatory standards. The possible genesis of technogenic soils and the primary factors that determine their properties are analyzed. Classification attributes of technogenic soils are formulated and their hierarchy is presented. As a result, a general classification of technogenic soils that provides a basis for their classification in the updated standard is obtained.

A comprehensive analysis of the Kerch Peninsula was carried out using morphostructural and geomorphological methods, as well as determination of the fractal dimension D of the drainage system. It has been discovered that increased values of the fractal dimension field correlate well with the total uplift amplitude during the Pleistocene and Holocene and worse with the most recent structures formed during the entire uplift stage of development. It can be concluded that the fractal approach for the quantitative analysis of the drainage system pattern gives good results in identifying the most recent movements and is less effective in identifying the most recent structures. The further development of the fractal analysis method is promising based on the condition of the involvement of other drainage system parameters that are widely used in geomorphological analysis.

The carbon and oxygen isotope composition of secondary carbonates from acidic effusives in the top of the pre-Jurassic complex of the West Siberian plate (Tomsk Region) was studied. The siderite values of δ¹³С (VPDB) and δ¹⁸О (VSMOW) vary from –6.6 to –2.4‰ and from 7.8 to 12.3‰, while the calcite values vary from –8.9 to –8.4‰ and from 2.5 to 3.7‰, respectively. The light oxygen isotope composition indicates that the carbonates were from medium- and low-temperature hydrothermal solutions.

Island-arc calc-alkaline dacites (66.7% SiO₂, 3.4% Na₂O, 1.9% K₂O) form a subvolcanic body hosted within andesitic and trachyandesitic tuffs on the east of the Kara-Dag Volcanic Massif of the Crimean Mountains. These dacites characteristically contain many phenocrysts of plagioclase (bytownite Ca_75–72Na_24–27K_0.5–1 confined to the cores and labradorite Ca_67–52Na_32–47K₁ to the inner and outer rims) and low-Ti augite (augite Ca₄₄Mg₄₅Fe₁₁ with 4.5% Al₂O₃ confined to the cores and augite Ca_43–41Mg_41–38Fe_16–21 with 1–2% Al₂O₃ to the inner and outer rims). Titanomagnetite, ilmenite, and apatite are intergrown with augite. Low-Mg titanomagnetite is enriched in manganese (up to 4.5 wt % MnO) and zinc (up to 1.6% ZnO) and contains the ulvöspinel endmember ranging between 39 and 28%. Low-Mn ilmenite contains 10 to 25 mol % of the hematite endmember, suggesting crystallization at elevated \({{f}_{{{{{\text{O}}}_{2}}}}}\), that is, under water-saturated melt conditions. The Sr, Ce, and S contents in the apatite are low. The fluorine trend shows an increase in the F content from chlorine-hydroxyl-fluorapatite to fluorapatite. The groundmass of rhyolitic dacites (77.3% SiO₂, 3.3% Na₂O, and 2.5% K₂O) consists of labradorite microlites Ca_52–50Na_46–48K_2–3 with quartz, minor andesine Ca_49–46Na_49–52K_2–3, oligoclase Ca₂₇Na₆₈K₅, and anorthoclase in the interstitial spaces. An extremely high anorthite content of plagioclase that is typical of island-arc volcanic rocks is characteristic of these dacites. The crystallization temperature for augite is ~1050–950°C. Early crystallization of the coexisting titanomagnetite and ilmenite occurs at ~900°С with \({{f}_{{{{{\text{O}}}_{2}}}}}\) 1 log unit higher than the QFM buffer. Their late crystallization occurs at ~880°С with \({{f}_{{{{{\text{O}}}_{2}}}}}\) 2 log units higher than the QFM buffer.

This article provides the data on the chemical composition of groundwater, silicate analysis, water extracts from rocks, and other information that characterizes water and rocks at the depths of the occurrence of the Riphean water-bearing deposits. This article discusses the natural background conditions of the distribution of hydrocarbon sorbed gases in the atmohydrolithosphere and the conditions of oil and gas accumulations, under whose influence the sorbed hydrocarbon gases acquire specific geochemical features.

The relationship between the resistivity (conductivity) of soil and that of pore water was stated in papers by G.E. Archie and V.N. Dakhnov. This means that water resistivity should be studied at each fieldwork area. In some areas, however, the access to groundwater (boreholes, wells, and springs) as well as to the surface reservoirs (rivers, brooks, ponds, and lakes) is not possible or is restricted. Can we measure water resistivity in pools? Immediately after a rain such water has no relationship with soil resistivity. The purpose of this work was to study the pattern of ion exchange between soil and rain water over time. In (Brunet et al., 2010) the changes in resistivity of water in contact with soil over time were measured. We have verified their results.