Cardiointervalogram indicators in conditions of clinostasis and orthostasis in elite ski racers in the course of the annual macrocycle
- Authors: Kataev D.A.1, Tsirkin V.I.2, Trukhin A.N.1, Trukhina S.I.1
-
Affiliations:
- Vyatka State University
- Kazan State Medical University
- Issue: Vol 51, No 2 (2025)
- Pages: 96-119
- Section: Articles
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/0131-1646/article/view/304846
- ID: 304846
Cite item
Abstract
In order to indirectly prove the presence of neuronal acetylcholine (NN-Ach) synthesis in the ventricles of the heart, which occurs under the influence of endurance training, in 8 elite ski racers (MS, MSMC) of the national team of the Republic of Tatarstan in the preparatory and competitive periods, as well as in a member of this team, athlete K.D. (MS, the first author of the article) in all three periods of the annual cycle, including during the transition period cardiointervalography (CIG) was performed sequentially (for 5 min) in the conditions of clinostasis and orthostasis. The values of 15 indicators of heart rate variability (HRV) were studied, in particular 8 spectral (power of TP waves, absolute and relative power of HF-, VLF-, LF- waves, LF/HF ratio) and 7 temporal (RRNN, HR, pNN50%, RMSSD, SDNN, MхDMn and SI, or stress index) of indicators. It was found that the medians of most HRV indicators change during the active transition from clinostasis to orthostasis, but the degree of change depends on the preparation period (the exception is the median RMSSD, which decreases during the transition to orthostasis throughout all three periods by the same amount). In particular, the changes of the medians of HF, LF, HF%, LF%, LF/HF, RRNN, HR, pNN50% were minimal in the 1-st (preparatory) and maximal in the 3rd (transition) period. This can be explained by the «restraining effect of NN ACh, the synthesis of which in the preparatory period is probably higher than in the transitional period. When implementing an orthostatic test, the median of TP and its dynamics are a marker of the presence of NN-Ach synthesis in the myocardium – in this case, TP is characterized by high median values in clinostasis and their decrease in orthostasis, and in the absence of NN-Ach synthesis, low median TP values in clinostasis and their growth in orthostasis. A marker of NN-Ach synthesis is also the degree of change in the medians of pNN50%, SDNN, SDNN and the absolute power of VLF-waves.
About the authors
D. A. Kataev
Vyatka State University; Vyatka State University
Email: den.cataev2014@yandex.ru
Kirov, Russia; Kirov, Russia
V. I. Tsirkin
Kazan State Medical University
Email: esbartsirkin@list.ru
Kazan, Russia
A. N. Trukhin
Vyatka State University
Email: den.cataev2014@yandex.ru
Kirov, Russia
S. I. Trukhina
Vyatka State University
Author for correspondence.
Email: trukhinasvetlana@yandex.ru
Kirov, Russia
References
- Gavrilova E.A. [Heart rate variability and sport] / Monograph (3rd edition, revised). St. Petersburg: Institute of Sports and Health, 2018. 186 p.
- Shlyk N.I., Lebedev E.S., Vershinina O.S. [Evaluation of the quality of the training process in cross-country skiers and biathletes based on the results of daily studies of heart rate variability] // Science and Sport: Modern Trends. 2019. V. 7. № 2. P. 92.
- Kataev D.A., Cirkin V.I., Zavalin N.S. et al. Dynamics of TP, HF, LF and VLF waves of the cardiointervalogram (in clinostasis conditions) of an elite ski racer in the preparatory, competitive, and transition periods depending on the volume and intensity of training loads // Human Physiology. 2023. V. 49. № 5. P. 525.
- Mihajlov V.M. [Heart rate variability (a new look at an old paradigm)]. Ivanovo: LLC Neurosoft, 2017. 516 p.
- Laborde S., Wanders J., Mosley E., Javelle F. Influence of physical post-exercise recovery techniques on vagally-mediated heart rate variability: A systematic reviem and meta-analysis // Clin. Physicol. Funct. Imaging. 2024. V. 44. № 1. P. 14.
- Schäfer D., Gjerdalen G.F., Solberg E.E. et al. Sex differences in heart rate variability: a longitudinal study in international elite cross-country skiers // Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 2015. V. 115. № 10. P. 2107.
- Schmitt L., Bouthiaux S., Millet G.P. Eleven years' monitoring of the world’s most successful male biathlete of the last decade // Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 2020. V. 16. № 6. P. 900.
- Shlyk N.I., Sapozhnikova E.N., Kirillova T.G., Zhuzhgov A.P. [About the peculiarities of orthostatic reaction of sportsmen with different types of vegetative regulation] // Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Biology. Earth Sciences. 2012. № 1. P. 114.
- Markov A.L. [Heart rate variability in cross-country skiers aged 15–18 years living in the Komi Republic: age- and sex-related differences] // J. Med. Biol. Res. 2019. V. 7. № 2. P. 151.
- Schmitt L., Regnard J., Millet G.P. Monitoring fatigue status with HRV measures in elite athletes: an avenue beyond RMSSD? // Front. Physiol. 2015. V. 6. P. 343.
- Ravé G., Fortrat J.-O. Heart rate variability in the standing position reflects training adaptation in professional soccer players // Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 2016. V. 116. № 8. Р. 1575.
- Hottenrott L., Gronwald T., Hottenrott K. et al. Utilizing heart rate variability for coaching athletes during and after viral infection: a case report in an elite endurance athlete // Front. Sports. Act. Living. 2021. V. 3. P. 612782.
- Kataev D.A., Cirkin V.I., Truhin A.N., Truhina S.I. [Dynamics of stress-index and spectral indicators of cardiointervalogram of elite skiers-racers in the preparatory, competition and transition periods depending on the volume and intensity of training loads] // Bulletin of the Medical Institute “REAVIZ”. Rehabilitation, Doctor and Health. 2023. V. 13. № 6. P. 12.
- Kataev D.A., Tsirkin V.I., Trukhin A.N., Trukhina S.I. Sports vagotonia as a result of increased synthesis of non-neuronal acetylcholine by cardiomyocytes // Anatomy Physiol. Biochem. Int. J. 2024. V. 7. № 3. Р. 555711.
- Kudrja O.N. [The influence of the different direction physical tensions for heart rate variability of the sportsmen] // Bull. Sib. Med. 2009. V. 8. № 1. P. 36.
- Efremova R.I., Spicin A.P., Voronina G.A. [Reactivity of young skiers’ regulatory system in different types of vegetative regulation] // Medical Newsletter of Vyatka. 2015. № 4. P. 15.
- Litvin F.B., Kalabin O.V., Bruk T.M. [Group and individual features of heart rate variability in qualified swimmers] // Modern Issues of Biomedicine. 2023. V. 7. № 3. P. 37.
- Stenton G. Medical and biological statistics. Moscow: Praktika, 1998. 459 p.
- Kataev D.A., Cirkin V.I., Truhin A.N., Truhina S.I. [Dynamics of TP-, HF-, LF- and VLF-waves of the CIG of an elite skier in the annual cycle / Collection of abstracts of the XXIV Congress of the I.P. Pavlov Physiological Society] // Ed. Firsov M.L. SPb.: VVM Publ., 2023. P. 546.
- Kataev D.A., Cirkin V.I., Truhin A.N., Truhina S.I. [Spectral and temporal indices of heart rate variability as a reflection of non-neuronal acetylcholine (Nen-ACh) synthesis in the human heart / VII international congress dedicated to A.F. Samoilov “Fundamental and clinical electrophysiology. Topical issues of medicine”] // Russ. J. Cardiol. 2024. V. 29. № 6S. P. 60.
- Kataev D.A., Cirkin V.I., Truhin A.N., Truhina S.I. [Spectral and temporal parameters of the clinostatic cardiointervalogram of elite cross-country skiers as a reflection of the synthesis of non-neuronal acetylcholine by cardiomyocytes / Materials of the international scientific and practical conference “Actual medical and biological problems of sports and physical education”, February 27–28, 2024. Part 1] // Eds. Gorbacheva V.V., Borisenko E.G. Volgograd: FGBOU VO «VGAFK», 2024. P. 35.
- Korsak A., Kellett D.O., Aziz Q. et al. Immediate and sustained increases in the activity of vagal preganglionic neurons during exercise and after exercise training // Cardiovasc. Res. 2023. V. 119. № 13. P. 2329.
- Kakinuma Y. Characteristic effects of the cardiac non-neuronal acetylcholine system augmentation on brain functions // Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021. V. 22. № 2. Р. 545.
- Roy A., Fields W.C., Rocha-Resende C. et al. Cardiomyocyte-secreted acetylcholine is required for maintenance of homeostasis in the heart // FASEB J. 2013. V. 27. № 12. P. 5072.
- Kakinuma Y., Akiyama T., Sato T. Cholinoceptive and cholinergic properties of cardiomyocytes involving an amplification mechanism for vagal efferent effects in sparsely innervated ventricular myocardium // FEBS J. 2009. V. 276. № 18. Р. 5111.
- Dyavanapalli J. Novel approaches to restore parasympathetic activity to the heart in cardio- respiratory diseases // Am. J. Physiol. Heart. Circ. Physiol. 2020. V. 319. № 6. Р. H1153.
- Rocha-Resende C., Roy A., Resende R. et al. Non-neuronal cholinergic machinery present in car-diomyocytes offsets hypertrophic signals // J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 2012. V. 53. № 2. Р. 206.
- Guo Y.P., Pan S.S., Chen T.R. et al. Exercise preconditioning promotes myocardial GLUT4 translocation and induces autophagy to alleviate exhaustive exercise-induced myocardial injury in rats // J. Mol. Histol. 2023. V. 54. № 5. Р. 453.
- Roy A., Guatimosim S., Prado V.F. et al. Cholinergic activity as a new target in diseases of the heart // Mol. Med. 2015. V. 20. № 1. Р. 527.
- Wang Y.G., Dedkova E.N., Steinberg S.F. et al. Beta 2-adrenergic receptor signaling acts via NO release to mediate ACh-induced activation of ATP-sensitive K+ current in cat atrial myocytes // J. Gen. Physiol. 2002. V. 119. № 1. Р. 69.
Supplementary files
