Double Dissociation of Cognitive Varies under Unilateral Radiation Exposure on the Hippocampus

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Abstract

Although the key position of the hippocampus (HP) in memory processes is not in doubt, the specifics of its participation in cognitive processes are far from being established. At the same time, the role of the HP in differentiating the novelty of impressions is often discussed in the context of adult HP neurogenesis. Radiation exposure to the HP, which inhibits the processes of neurogenesis, can serve as a model for studying this relationship. A homogeneous sample of 28 patients with meningiomas of the chiasmal-sellar area adjacent to the HP was studied. 15 patients were diagnosed with a left-sided location of the tumor and 13 patients with a right-sided one. The two groups were comparable in terms of demographic, clinical and morphometric characteristics. In order to stop the growth of the tumor, the patients underwent radiation therapy (RT), in which the HP on the side of the pathological process was forced to receive a dose comparable to the dose in the tumor. The study using the original technique was carried out before the start of RT, immediately after its completion, 6 and 12 months after the end of RT. Data were obtained on earlier changes in memory characteristics mediated by the right hippocampal region, but at the same time — more pronounced long-term cognitive consequences of ionizing effects on the HP of the left hemisphere.

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About the authors

O. A. Krotkova

National Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery named after academician N.N. Burdenko

Author for correspondence.
Email: OKrotkova@nsi.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

G. V. Danilov

National Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery named after academician N.N. Burdenko

Email: OKrotkova@nsi.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

M. V. Galkin

National Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery named after academician N.N. Burdenko

Email: OKrotkova@nsi.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

A. Yu. Kuleva

Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS

Email: OKrotkova@nsi.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

M. Yu. Kaverina

National Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery named after academician N.N. Burdenko

Email: OKrotkova@nsi.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

E. V. Enikolopova

Moscow State University

Email: OKrotkova@nsi.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

Yu. V. Strunina

National Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery named after academician N.N. Burdenko

Email: OKrotkova@nsi.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

G. N. Enikolopov

Stony Brook University

Email: OKrotkova@nsi.ru
United States, New York

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2. Fig. 1. Image of the tumor, hippocampus (GP) and other critical structures in the radiation therapy planning program (LT). A is an example of determining the volume of a tumor, GP and other critical structures on axial tomograms in the mode T1 with contrast enhancement. B is an example of a three-dimensional reconstruction of a tumor and major critical structures.

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3. Fig. 2. The values of radiation load on the tumor-adjacent (ipsilateral) hippocampus (GP) (black circles) and on the GP of the opposite hemisphere (contralateral) (white circles), presented for its volumes in 10, 30 and 50% in a group of 28 patients with meningiomas of the chiasmal cell region (MHSO).

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4. Fig. 3. Dynamics of the main indicators in the WUAs Methodology (Eye Tracking–Attention–Memory).

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