Towards the Study of Chaotic Systems in International Relations: A Case Study of the Events of 1918 in Post-Imperial Spaces

The dominance of the systemic approach in the study of international relations contrasts with persistent methodological challenges and disruptions in systemic perspectives regarding the dynamics of various iterations of world order. In addition to ongoing discussions of traditionally recognised systems, it should be noted that there is a lack of analysis concerning other types of systems characterised by chaotic development and short-term existence. There exists an ample body of material for studying processes on the international stage beyond the frameworks of the commonly distinguished “stable” systems (such as Vienna, Versailles, etc.). Periods of global conflict, particularly the world wars of the twentieth century, are notably rich in deformations and diverse developmental projects. A particularly instructive case for the development and testing of a methodology for the systematic analysis of failed systems is the 1918 attempt to establish the Brest system, based on German hegemony in Eastern Europe and the Middle East, and subsequently in the broader post-imperial spaces of Eurasia. To address existing gaps, it is essential to develop a systematic methodology for historical research, one that safeguards against the influence of various non-academic factors. Resolving this methodological issue will facilitate a “reset” of numerous debates and enhance our understanding of the patterns governing the development of international relations systems under varying conditions, as well as their typology and forecasting potential.