Kinetics of Exchange-Adsorption Processes in the Formation of Mineral Sulfate Sodium Waters

Abstract

The ion-exchange properties of terrigenous rocks have been studied, and physicochemical modeling has been used to study the formation of sulfate sodium water in the Volga–Ural Basin of the Russian Plate and the Kartalinskii Basin of the Caucasian hydrogeological folded area. Hydrogeochemical experiments have shown that the exchange-adsorption interaction between gypsum water and adsorbed Na⁺ of terrigenous rocks in the water–rock system involves many stages, resulting in the accumulation in solution of considerable amounts of Na₂SO₄ (up to 9–17 g/dm³).