Long-term Dynamics of the River Water Quality in the Northern Dvina Basin (Northwestern Russia)

详细

Data on river water quality and pollution level have been analyzed to show that the Northern Dvina basin water is characterized by class 3 quality (categories 3А and 3B, i.e., polluted and very polluted), with copper, zinc, and iron compounds and oxidation-resistant organic matter as critical pollution indicators. Special attention should be paid to these substances since their high concentration considerably decreases the water quality in the catchment area.