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Том 51, № 2 (2017)

Article

Double helix of the journal Cytology and Genetics: 50 years later

Blume Y.

Аннотация

This survey paper contains a brief analysis of publications included in the current issue of the scientific journal Cytology and Genetics dedicated to its 50th anniversary. These papers reflect scientific achievements of their authors in the field of genetics and cell biology and underline the potential of these two biological disciplines, forming the double helix of the journal.

Cytology and Genetics. 2017;51(2):83-86
pages 83-86 views

125 years of virology and ascent of biotechnologies based on viral expressio

Giritch A., Klimyuk V., Gleba Y.

Аннотация

The study of viruses lasts for more than a century since their discovery in 1892. In recent decades, viruses are also being actively exploited as a biotechnological tool. Plant-virus-driven transient expression of heterologous proteins is an actively developing production platform; it is the basis of several industrial processes that are currently being used for the production of multiple recombinant proteins. Viral vectors have also become useful tools for research. Viral vectors delivered by Agrobacterium (magnifection) provide for high protein yield, rapid scale up and fast manufacturing. In this review, we explore modern approaches for biotechnological production of recombinant proteins in plants using viral vectors.

Cytology and Genetics. 2017;51(2):87-102
pages 87-102 views

Cell genetic engineering: Transmission genetics of plants

Kuchuk N.

Аннотация

Achievements of cell and genetic engineering that led to formation of a new genetics chapter— transmission genetics—have been described. Results have been analyzed and new opportunities in the field of transgenomic somatic hybrids and cybrid obtaining, production of transgenic plants with agronomic pharmaceutical application, development of transplastomic plants, and accumulation of recombinant proteins by using the transient expression of foreign genes in plants have been shown.

Cytology and Genetics. 2017;51(2):103-107
pages 103-107 views

Plants and microgravity: Patterns of microgravity effects at the cellular and molecular levels

Kordyum E., Chapman D.

Аннотация

The article discusses the effects of real and simulated microgravity on certain cell components and processes, using, among others, the recently received new data. A substantial importance is given to the effect of microgravity on the state of cytoplasmic membrane, transcriptome and proteome, cell wall, and Ca2+-signaling in plant cells that are not specialized for the perception of gravity. The authors underline the exceptional significance of data about the organ-specific reactions of transcriptome and proteome to spaceflight conditions, which suggest novel integrated approaches to the solution of basic and applied problems in plant space biology.

Cytology and Genetics. 2017;51(2):108-116
pages 108-116 views

Diversity of Ukrainian winter common wheat varieties with respect to storage protein loci and molecular markers for disease resistance genes

Kozub N., Sozinov I., Karelov A., Blume Y., Sozinov A.

Аннотация

Diversity of Ukrainian winter common wheat varieties was studied with respect to the storage protein loci Gli-A1, Gli-B1, Gli-D1, Glu-A1, Glu-B1, Glu-D1, Gli-A3, Gli-B5, and Gli-A6 (362 varieties) and markers for the Lr34/Yr18/Pm38/Sr57/Bdv1 gene conferring moderate resistance to a number of biotrophic pathogens, the Tsn1 gene for sensitivity to the toxins A of the necrotrophic fungi Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and Stagonospora nodorum, the Tsc2 gene for sensitivity to the toxin B of P. tritici-repentis, and the TDF_076_2D gene for moderate resistance to Fusarium head blight (181 varieties). Significant differences in frequencies of alleles at these marker loci between groups of varieties developed in different soil and climatic zones were revealed. The retention of a set of predominant alleles in groups of varieties of a certain zone in different periods of breeding was confirmed. At the same time, the appearance of new allele associations in the groups of varieties of the Steppe (in particular Gli-A1g and Glu-B1al) and the Central Forest-Steppe (1AL/1RS and Glu-B1d) in the last two decades has been noted. Nonrandom associations between alleles of disease resistance genes as well as alleles of disease resistance genes and storage protein alleles were revealed.

Cytology and Genetics. 2017;51(2):117-129
pages 117-129 views

Molecular characterization of Fusarium resistance from Elymus repens introgressed into bread wheat

Fedak G., Cao W., Wolfe D., Chi D., Xue A.

Аннотация

A cross was made of Elymus repens onto the wheat cultivar Crocus and BC1 progeny advanced to BC1F7 by single seed descent. Sixteen lines were selected based on agronomic performance and evaluated in an FHB epiphytotic nursery. Eight lines with FHB resistance were selected. Based on GISH analysis, line PI 142-3-1-5 had 42 chromosomes with one pair of chromosomes showing telomeric translocations on both arms. This chromosome was identified as 3D by using SSR markers. An evaluation of lines with single translocations revealed that FHB resistance was contributed by the translocation on the long arm of chromosome 3D. That line has minimal linkage drag and should be amenable to applications inbreeding for disease resistance.

Cytology and Genetics. 2017;51(2):130-133
pages 130-133 views

Induction of salt tolerance in salicylate-deficient NahG Arabidopsis transformants using the nitric oxide donor

Yastreb T., Karpets Y., Kolupaev Y., Dmitriev A.

Аннотация

The effects of treatment with nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.5 mM) on salt tolerance of wild type (Col–0) Arabidopsis thaliana plants and Arabidopsis thaliana plants transformed with the bacterial salicylate hydroxylase gene (NahG) were compared. Basic salt tolerance level (200 mM NaCl) was higher in NahG transformants. Under salt stress conditions, these plants showed higher activity levels for antioxidant enzymes as well as higher content of sugars and anthocyanins. The treatment with NO donor induced salt tolerance in the plants of both genotypes, which could be observed as less strong growth inhibition, reduced oxidative damage, and preservation of chlorophyll pool in leaves. After the exposure to salt stress, the activity of both superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase was higher in SNP-treated wild type plants and NahG transformants than in the nontreated plants. After the imposition of salt stress, proline content in leaves of the wild type plants treated with the nitric oxide donor was lower than in the leaves of the nontreated plants. In contrast, SNP treatment of NahG transformants led to a significant increase in the proline content in leaves under the salt stress conditions. Conclusions have been made that wild type Col-0 plants and NahG transformants differ in how their systems of protection against salt stress are activated and that nitric oxideinduced mobilization of protection systems in A. thaliana may not require the presence of salicylate.

Cytology and Genetics. 2017;51(2):134-141
pages 134-141 views

Isolating and confirming the MuDR-inserted flanking sequences of maize

Yang W., Tian Y., Wang T., Wang R., Tao Y.

Аннотация

MuDR exhibits the highest transposition activity and insertional mutagenesis frequency in Mutator (Mu) family. If we isolate the MuDR-insertion-specific flanking sequences (MuDRFs), it will be crucial for using Mu element-mediated mutants. The MuDR-TAIL-PCR system was constructed and optimized using a combination of MuDR-TIR-nested specific primers and 12 arbitrary degenerate (AD) primers, modified reaction system and procedure and mutant DNA templates of 87 genotypes from M2 or М2:3 families created by crossing the W22::Mu line (active MuDR donor parent) from the UniformMu population with the Zong31 (Z31) line (recipient parent). Here 129 different MuDRFs were acquired by MuDR-TAIL-PCR, accounting for 86.60% of the total mutant-specific agarose gel bands. In addition, we confirmed the authenticity of the non-redundant flanking sequence amplifications. The amplified non-redundant flanking sequences accounted for 65.12% of the total MuDRFs, and 88.00% of the non-redundant MuDRFs were inserted inside the genes. These results show that the MuDR-TAIL-PCR system that we developed can be used for specifically isolating MuDRFs.

Cytology and Genetics. 2017;51(2):142-148
pages 142-148 views

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