Zygotic Autopolyploidization of Rye (Secale cereale L.)

Resumo

The paper presents the results of zygotic autopolyploidization by the nitrous oxide (N₂O) of diploid cultivars and F₁ hybrids of winter rye. It has been shown that the method of creating zygotic rye tetraploids by the nitrous oxide (N₂O) is effective and allows obtaining up to 86.0% of tetraploids. The average yield of tetraploids was 51.0%. Nine new rye tetraploids were created with this method. The created tetraploids are characterized by chromosomal balance and low levels of aneuploidy (up to 9.7%). Meiosis in rye zygotic tetraploids occurs with significantly more defections (P ≤ 0.05) than in the original diploids. It has been established that part of the nuclear DNA is eliminated in the created tetraploids to the C₆–C₇ generations. On the basis of the obtained tetraploid Yubileinaya, a new variety of winter tetraploid rye Camea 16 was created.