Study of Allelic Diversity of the Genes Encoding High Molecular Weight Glutenins in Wheat Varieties and Lines Utilized in the Breeding Process in the Republic of Belarus Using PCR Markers

Abstract

Abstract—The allelic composition of genes encoding high molecular weight glutenin subunits was studied in a collection composed of 236 winter and 98 spring wheat samples of Belarussian and foreign breeding. We have identified 13 alleles among winter and 11 alleles among spring wheat samples. This is generally less than the data for European, Asian, and African countries. In total, 36 different genotypes have been identified among the analyzed samples. The most frequent cultivars and lines among the winter wheat samples possessed the following genotypes: Glu-A1c, Glu-B1c, Glu-D1d (16.2% of the total number of the analyzed samples), Glu-A1a, Glu-B1c, Glu-D1d (13.7%), and Glu-A1b, Glu-B1c, Glu-D1d (12.7%). The cultivars and lines possessing the Glu-A1a, Glu-B1c, Glu-D1d (22.5%), Glu-A1a, Glu-B1c, Glu-D1a (16.4%), and Glu-A1c, Glu-B1f, and Glu-D1d (13.3%) genotypes prevailed among the spring wheat samples. The spring wheat KP-406/11 line genome has been found to carry a Bx subunit-encoding gene allele with the maximum identity degree (99%) relative to the nucleotide sequences of the Bx subunits represented under the GenBank database. This gene allele contains an open reading frame with the length of 2367 bp and has the highest degree of identity with the nucleotide sequence of the Bx14 subunit. The 789-long amino acid sequence encoded by this allele differs from the Bx14 by replacements of amino acid residues in three positions: 662, 780, and 788. This subunit was designated Bx14.1 (its Genbank accession number is MH108092).