Optimisation of nickel ferrite production conditions for the preparation of magnetic composite photocatalysts

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Abstract

Ferrites of non-ferrous metals are promising magnetic catalysts that can be easily separated from the reaction mixture after use by applying a magnetic field. However, these materials have a fast electron-hole relaxation time, which reduces their activity in photoreactions. This problem is overcome by creating hybrid nanostructures based on ferrites, for example with zinc oxides. The catalytic activity of such structures depends highly on the method of their synthesis. In this work, the alkaline co-precipitation of Fe2+ and Ni2+ ions, which have similar values for hydroxides, was used to obtain stoichiometric and homogeneous nickel ferrite precursors. The influence of the reaction parameters on the purity of the nickel ferrite phase and the size of the particles was studied using the experimental design technique. Spherical nanoparticles 15.9 ± 1.1 nm in diameter were produced under the optimal conditions identified. Based on the obtained material, NiFe2O4/ZnO magnetic composites of different quantitative compositions were prepared. The photocatalytic activity of the hybrid structures was demonstrated by photodegradation of crystal violet dye.

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About the authors

D. I. Nemkova

Siberian Federal University

Author for correspondence.
Email: diana.saykova@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, 660041

S. V. Saikova

Siberian Federal University; Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center (Federal Research Center), Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: diana.saykova@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, 660041; Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036

A. E. Krolikov

Siberian Federal University

Email: diana.saykova@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, 660041

E. V. Pikurova

Siberian Federal University; Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center (Federal Research Center), Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: diana.saykova@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, 660041; Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036

A. S. Samoilo

Siberian Federal University

Email: diana.saykova@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, 660041

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Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
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2. Fig. 1. The structural formula (a) and the electronic absorption spectrum (b) of crystalline violet.

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3. Fig. 2. Scheme of the installation for conducting a photocatalytic reaction.

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4. Fig. 3. Diffractograms of samples obtained in experiments 1-8: + — NiFe2O4, * — Fe2O3.

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5. Fig. 4. Diffractogram of sample 9 obtained under optimal conditions and calcined at 650 °C.

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6. Fig. 5. Micrography of TEM (a) and size distribution (b) of particles of sample 9 obtained under optimal conditions and calcined at 650 °C.

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7. 6. Diffractograms of composites obtained on the basis of NiFe2O4 and ZnO after firing at 800 °C: + – ZnxNi1–xFe2O4, * – ZnO, o – Fe2O3, ~ – unidentifiable X-ray reflexes.

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8. Fig. 7. Dependence of the lattice parameter of the spinel phase on the molar fraction of ZnO in composites based on NiFe2O4 and ZnO.

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9. Fig. 8. Change in the optical density of the crystalline violet solution (λmax = 590 nm) depending on the duration of the photocatalytic decomposition process: 1 – NiFe2O4, 2 – ZnFe2O4, 3 – sample K4, 4 – sample K3, 5 – sample K2, 6 – sample K5, 7 – sample K1.

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10. Fig. 9. The effect of the photocatalyst composition on the degree of destruction of crystalline violet (1 h).

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