Selecting Reference States in Thermodynamic Descriptions of Non-Exchangeable Sorption

Selecting standard and reference states for a thermodynamic description of the non-exchange sorption of substances by ion exchangers is considered a stoichiometric process. It is shown that it is best to choose different reference states for free and sorption centers associated with the absorbed substance, since this allows calculations of the thermodynamic constants and energy characteristics of sorption. Results from calculating thermodynamic characteristics of sorption are presented and discussed for systems with the participation of amino acids (glycine and phenylalanine).