INCRETIN RESPONSE TO ORAL INTAKE OF SODIUM CHLORIDE AND WATER IN RATS

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Abstract

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are incretin hormones that regulate metabolism and synergistically enhance insulin secretion. However, their potential role in the regulation of water-electrolyte balance remains insufficiently understood. The present study aimed to assess the contribution of GIP to water-electrolyte regulation in comparison with the established renal effects of GLP-1 in mammals and humans. Experiments were conducted on female Wistar rats using loading tests: oral administration of water and 50% glucose solution, as well as oral or intraperitoneal administration of 2.5% NaCl solution. Plasma osmolality, glucose, sodium ions, incretins, insulin, and glucagon were measured; renal function was evaluated by diuresis, urinary sodium excretion, and free water clearance. Following glucose administration, plasma GIP concentration increased more than fivefold, accompanied by rises in GLP-1 and insulin. After administration of water or NaCl, GIP secretion did not change, whereas GLP-1 levels increased in both cases. Fifteen minutes after oral NaCl administration, GLP-1 concentration rose 1.8-fold. Exogenous GLP-1 enhanced free water clearance after water loading and increased natriuresis after salt loading. In contrast, GIP administration did not significantly affect water excretion or urinary sodium excretion after the respective loading tests. These findings demonstrate the functional divergence of incretins and highlight a specialized role of GLP-1, but not GIP, in the regulation of renal function and water-electrolyte homeostasis.

About the authors

E. V Balbotkina

Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences

St. Petersburg, Russia

A. S Marina

Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences

St. Petersburg, Russia

E. I Shakhmatova

Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences

St. Petersburg, Russia

A. V Kutina

Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: kutina_anna@mail.ru
St. Petersburg, Russia

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