Vol 143, No 2 (2023)

A comparative analysis of the results of genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic profiling of HepG2 cell line was carried out in the gene-centric mode. The traceability at the transcriptomic and proteomic levels of changes associated with nonsynonymous single nucleotide substitutions and indels in the genome was shown. Most of the molecular events caused by aberrations at the genomic level are recorded at the transcriptomic level. Only single proteoforms encoded by the selected mutant genes can be reliably detected due to the methodological limitations of proteomic methods, which do not allow the registration of proteoforms present in the sample at low concentrations. The results are consistent with the previously obtained data of other scientific groups and describe the principal methodological solutions required for deciphering the molecular postgenomic portrait of biological samples with a resolution at the level of aberrant molecules.

The article discusses the possibilities of the alternative methods for determining the localization of small-sized brain cell formations in animals. The advantages of the electrophysiological approach used in localization of the tested nuclear structures of the brain, their selective damage and subsequent histological verification of the location and size of the damage to the brain tissue are shown. Methodological recommendations are proposed that provide an error-free determination of the coordinates of the tested brain structures, which leads to a significant reduction in the time for conducting planned studies and the costs of their implementation due to the absence of the need to include a large number of animals in the experiment.

The nucleotide sequence polymorphism and haplotype diversity of the cytochrome b gene in samples of the tundra vole (Alexandromys oeconomus) from North-Eastern Asia and Alaska were studied. 63 haplotypes of cytb gene (51 variants of Central Asian and 12 of Beringian genetic lineages), differing among themselves by 94 mutations, were found. The Upper Kolyma River is inhabited by voles of the Central Asian clade. Mixed population of this species in the basin of the Omolon River (right tributary of the Kolyma River) was found. In Chukotka and Alaska, only specimens of the Beringian phylogroup were found. Genetic differences between all samples are statistically significant. Genetic data of A. oeconomus populations of the Kolyma River basin, Alaska, and Northern Okhotomorye were compared. A total of 231 substitutions in 226 sites were found in the nucleotide sequence of cytochrome b mtDNA gene in voles from both clades. The values of molecular diversity indices testify to the stability of populations with a high value of effective abundance over a long period of time. An analysis of population gene pool formation was performed and a proposed reconstruction of the complex dispersal history of this species across North-Eastern Asia was proposed.

The search for effective and environmentally friendly plant growth regulators in modern conditions makes it possible to identify and reduce the impact on plant development, its metabolic processes, the biomass of its various parts and crops. Substances with the least toxicity to living organisms, which are of particular interest in this field, in particular, these include C₆₀, C₇₀ fullerenes and their derivatives. This paper describes the impact of both fullerenes themselves and their derivatives on plant growth, yield, effects, metabolic and morphological changes observed depending on the processing methods, the chemical structure of the derivative, and the amount of substance used for processing.