The risk of developing cardiovascular disease in bipolar disorder. Clinical and social factors

Cover Page

Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

Bipolar disorder (BD) is one of the most common mental disorders in the world with high mortality and a hard economic burden. Although suicide is the leading cause of death in BD, cardiovascular disease (CVD) also contributes significantly to this rate, the risk of which is seriously underestimated in BD. A sample assessment was made of current studies focusing on the link between BD and CVD. The search was carried out in the PubMed and eLIBRARY databases for the following keywords: bipolar disorder, psychopharmacology, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome. The association between BD and vascular disease is large. The analysis of adjusted mortality estimates in patients with bipolar disorder showed a significant contribution of CVD. A detailed study of the mutual influence of bipolar disorder BD and CVD is difficult due to the earlier manifestation of BD in comparison with CVD. Most of the studies have focused on cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), which are more common in BD than in the general population. Metabolic syndrome (MS) plays a significant role among CVRFs. The reasons for the development of MS in patients with BD are currently not known for sure, however, the instigated factors are certainly a disturbance of the diet, decreased physical activity, pharmacological therapy, and the lack of early preventive and medical care. Patients with hyperuricemia had a higher risk of developing MS. Lifestyle correction and a reduction of CVFRs, as well as the rational use of certain cardiac drugs can improve the better prognosis of the disease and reduce mortality in patients with BD. The predisposition of patients with BD to CVD is undeniable. It is necessary to consider the high frequency of CVRFs in people with BD, and promptly recommend appropriate treatment and special rehabilitation programs for the prevention of CVD complications, considering the change in affective phases and the applied mood-stabilizing drugs.

About the authors

Sergey N. Mosolov

The Serbsky State Scientific Center for Social and Forensic Psychiatry; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Author for correspondence.
Email: profmosolov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5749-3964

д-р мед. наук, проф., рук. отд. терапии психических заболеваний Московского научно-исследовательского института психиатрии, зав. каф. психиатрии, председатель правления московского отд-ния Российского общества психиатров, президент Российского общества биологической психиатрии

Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

Elizaveta Yu. Fedorova

The Serbsky State Scientific Center for Social and Forensic Psychiatry

Email: profmosolov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4759-5043

мл. науч. сотр. отд. терапии психических расстройств Московского научно-исследовательского института психиатрии

Russian Federation, Moscow

References

  1. Мосолов С.Н. Биполярное аффективное расстройство: диагностика и лечение. М.: МЕДпресс-информ, 2008 [Mosolov SN. Bipoliarnoe affektivnoe rasstroistvo: diagnostika i lechenie. Moscow: MEDpress-inform, 2008 (in Russian)].
  2. Мосолов С.Н., Ушкалова А.В., Костюкова Е.Г., и др. Диагностика биполярного аффективного расстройства II типа среди пациентов с текущим диагнозом рекуррентного депрессивного расстройства. Современная терапия психических расстройств. 2014;2:2-12 [Mosolov SN, Ushkalova AV, Kostyukova EG, et al. Diagnostics of Bipolar II Disorder among patients with the current diagnosis of Recurrent Depressive Disorder. Current Therapy of Mental Disorders. 2014;2:2-12 (in Russian)].
  3. Мосолов С.Н., Шафаренко А.А., Ушкалова А.В., и др. Формализованная диагностика биполярного аффективного расстройства у больных с приступообразной шизофренией и шизоаффективным расстройством. Современная терапия психических расстройств. 2014;3:2-7 [Mosolov SN, Shafarenko AA, Ushkalova AV, et al. Misdiagnosis of Bipolar I Disorder among patients with the diagnoses of paranoid schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder in Russian Federation. Current Therapy of Mental Disorders. 2014;3:2-7 (in Russian)].
  4. Angst J, Azorin JM, Bowden CL, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of undiagnosed bipolar disorders in patients with a major depressive episode: the BRIDGE study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68:791-8. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.87
  5. Мосолов С.Н., Ушкалова А.В., Костюкова Е.Г., и др. Валидизация российской версии опросника HCL-32 для выявления пациентов с биполярным аффективным расстройством 2-го типа среди больных, наблюдающихся с диагнозом рекуррентного депрессивного расстройства. Социальная и клиническая психиатрия. 2015;25(1):21-30 [Mosolov SN, Ushkalova AV, Kostyukova EG, et al. Validation of the HCL-32 Russian Version for detection of Bipolar II Disorder patients among those with diagnosis of Recurrent Depressive Disorder. Social and Clinical Psychiatry. 2015;25(1):21-30 (in Russian)].
  6. Mosolov SN, Ushkalova AV, Kostiukova EG, et al. Validation of the Russian version of the hypomania checklist (HCL-32) for the detection of bipolar ii disorder in patients with a current diagnosis of recurrent depression. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014;155(1):90-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.10.029
  7. Mosolov SN, Yaltonskaya PA, Senko OV, et al. Validation of the Russian version of the hypomania checklist (HCL-33) for the detection of bipolar disorder in patients with a current diagnosis of recurrent depression. Journal of Affective Disorders Reports. 2021;4:1-7(100086). doi: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100086
  8. Ушкалова А.В., Костюкова Е.Г., Мосолов С.Н. Современная терапия депрессивной фазы при биполярном аффективном расстройстве (обзор). Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. Спецвыпуск. 2012;112(11):67-76 [Ushkalova AV, Kostiukova EG, Mosolov SN. Modern treatment of a depressive phase (review). S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. Special issue. 2012;112(11):67-76 (in Russian)].
  9. Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания. Всемирная Организация Здравоохранения. Режим доступа: https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds). Ссылка активна на 03.08.2020 [Cardiovascular diseases. World Health Organization. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds). Accessed: 03.08.2020 (in Russian)].
  10. Osby U, Brandt L, Correia N, et al. Excess mortality in bipolar and unipolar disorder in Sweden. Arch Gen Psychiat. 2001;58:844-50. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.58.9.844
  11. Weiner M, Warren L, Fiedorowicz JG. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in bipolar disorder. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2011;23:40-7.
  12. Laursen TM, Mortensen PB, MacCabe JH, et al. Cardiovascular drug use and mortality in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: A Danish population-based study. Psychol Med. 2014;44:1625-37. doi: 10.1017/S003329171300216X
  13. Osby U, Westman J, Hallgren J, et al. Mortality trends in cardiovascular causes in schizophrenia, bipolar and unipolar mood disorder in Sweden 1987-2010. Eur J Public Health. 2016;26:867-71. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv245
  14. Goldstein BI, Schaffer A, Wang S, et al. Excessive and premature new-onset cardiovascular disease among adults with bipolar disorder in the US NESARC cohort. J Clin Psychiatry. 2015;76:163-9. doi: 10.4088/JCP.14m09300
  15. Goldstein BI, Baune BT, Bond DJ, et al. Call to Action Regarding the Vascular-Bipolar Link: A Report from the Vascular Task Force of the International Society for Bipolar Disorders. Bipolar Disord. 2020;22(5):440-60. doi: 10.1111/bdi.12921
  16. Zhao Z, Okusaga OO, Quevedo J, et al. The potential association between obesity and bipolar disorder: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2016;202:120-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.059
  17. Ayerbe L, Forgnone I, Addo J, et al. Hypertension risk and clinical care in patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia; a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2018;225:665-70. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.09.002
  18. Vancampfort D, Correll CU, Galling B, et al. Diabetes mellitus in people with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and large scale meta-analysis. World Psychiatry. 2016;15:166-74. doi: 10.1002/wps.20309
  19. Heffner JL, Strawn JR, DelBello MP, et al. The co-occurrence of cigarette smoking and bipolar disorder: phenomenology and treatment considerations. Bipolar Disorders. 2011;13:439-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2011.00943.x
  20. Goldstein BI, Fagiolini A, Houck P, et al. Cardiovascular disease and hypertension among adults with bipolar I disorder in the United States. Bipolar Disorders. 2009;11:657-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2009.00735.x
  21. Malhotra N, Kulhara P, Chakrabarti S, et al. Lifestyle related factors & impact of metabolic syndrome on quality of life, level of functioning & self-esteem in patients with bipolar disorder & schizophrenia. Indian J Med Res. 2016;143:434-42. doi: 10.4103/0971-5916.184284
  22. McElroy SL, Frye MA, Suppes T, et al. Correlates of overweight and obesity in 644 patients with bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;63:207-13. doi: 10.4088/jcp.v63n0306
  23. Peters AT, Shesler LW, Sylvia L, et al. Medical burden, body mass index and the outcome of psychosocial interventions for bipolar depression. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2016;50:667-77. doi: 10.1177/0004867415616694
  24. Goldstein BI, Blanco C, He JP, et al. Correlates of Overweight and Obesity Among Adolescents With Bipolar Disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). JAACAP. 2016;55:1020-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.08.010
  25. Mosolov S, Ushkalova A, Kostukova E, et al. Bipolar II disorder in patients with a current diagnosis of recurrent depression. Bipolar Disorders. 2014;16(4):389-99. doi: 10.1111/bdi.12192
  26. Petri E, Bacci O, Barbuti M, et al. Obesity in patients with major depression is related to bipolarity and mixed features: evidence from the BRIDGE-II-MIX study. Bipolar Disorders. 2017;378(12):1561-8. doi: 10.1111/bdi.12519
  27. Конорева А.Е., Мосолов С.Н. Когнитивные нарушения при биполярном аффективном расстройстве. Современная терапия психических расстройств. 2017;4:11-8 [Konoreva AE, Mosolov SN. Cognitive Impairment in Bipolar Affective Disorder. Modern Therapy for Mental Disorders. 2017;4:11-8 (in Russian)]. doi: 10.21265/PSYPH.2017.43.8416
  28. Mora E, Portella MJ, Martinez-Alonso M, et al. The Impact of Obesity on Cognitive Functioning in Euthymic Bipolar Patients: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2017;78:924-32. doi: 10.4088/JCP.16m10968
  29. Bond DJ, Torres IJ, Lee SS, et al. Lower cognitive functioning as a predictor of weight gain in bipolar disorder: a 12-month study. Acta Psych Scand. 2017;135:239-49. doi: 10.1111/acps.12674
  30. Depp CA, Bowie CR, Mausbach BT, et al. Current smoking is associated with worse cognitive and adaptive functioning in serious mental illness. Acta Psych Scand 2015;131:333-41. doi: 10.1111/acps.12380
  31. Новичкова Н. И., Каллистов Д.Ю., Романова Е.А. Нарушения сна и хронический стресс как факторы риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2015;6(122):20-4 [Novichkova NI, Kallistov DY, Romanova EA. Sleep disorders and chronic stress as cardiovascular risk factors. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2015;6(122):20-4 (in Russian)]. doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2015-6-20-24
  32. Harvey AG, Schmidt DA, Scarna A, et al. Sleep-related functioning in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder, patients with insomnia, and subjects without sleep problems. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162:50-7. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.162.1.50
  33. Cooper CB, Neufeld EV, Dolezal BA, et al. Sleep deprivation and obesity in adults: a brief narrative review. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine. 2018;4:e000392. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000392
  34. Sylvia LG, Chang WC, Kamali M, et al. Sleep disturbance may impact treatment outcome in bipolar disorder: A preliminary investigation in the context of a large comparative effectiveness trial. J Affect Disord. 2018;225:563-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.056
  35. Melo MC, Daher Ede F, Albuquerque SG, et al. Exercise in bipolar patients: A systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2016;198:32-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.03.004
  36. Vancampfort D, Wyckaert S, Sienaert P, et al. The functional exercise capacity in patients with bipolar disorder versus healthy controls: A pilot study. Psychiatry Res. 2015;229:194-9. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.07.040
  37. Lawlor DA, Hopker SW. The effectiveness of exercise as an intervention in the management of depression: systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2001;322:763-7. doi: 10.1136/bmj.322.7289.763
  38. Ng F, Dodd S, Berk M. The effects of physical activity in the acute treatment of bipolar disorder: a pilot study. J Affect Dis. 2007;101:259-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2006.11.014
  39. Daumit GL, Dickerson FB, Wang NY, et al. A behavioral weight-loss intervention in persons with serious mental illness. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:1594-602. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1214530
  40. Abosi O, Lopes S, Schmitz S, et al. Cardiometabolic effects of psychotropic medications. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. 2018;36(1). doi: 10.1515/hmbci-2017-0065
  41. Мосолов С.Н. Сравнительная эффективность профилактического применения карбоната лития, карбамазепина, вальпроата натрия при аффективных и шизоаффективных психозах. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 1991;4:78-83 [Mosolov S. Comparative efficacy of preventive use of lithium carbonate, carbamazepine and sodium valproate in affective and schizoaffective psychoses. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 1991;4:78-83 (in Russian)].
  42. Костюкова Е.Г., Мосолов С.Н. Соли лития и антиконвульсанты при профилактической терапии рецидивов биполярного аффективного расстройства. Современная терапия психических расстройств. 2012;4:2-10 [Kostyukova EG, Mosolov SN. Lithium and anticonvulsants for prevention of recurrence in bipolar affective disorder. Current Therapy of Mental Disorders. 2012;4:2-10 (in Russian)].
  43. Bowden CL, Mosolov S, Hranov L, et al. Efficacy of valproate versus lithium in mania or mixed mania: a randomized, open 12-week trial. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2010;25:60-7. doi: 10.1097/YIC.0b013e328333ac1b
  44. Мосолов С.Н., Рывкин П.В., Сердитов О.В., и др. Метаболические побочные эффекты современной антипсихотической фармакотерапии. Социальная и клиническая психиатрия. 2008;18(3):75-90 [Mosolov SN, Ryvkin, MY, Serditov OV, et al. Metabolic side effects of the current antipsychotic pharmacotherapy. Social and Clinical Psychiatry. 2008;18(3):75-90 (in Russian)].
  45. Keck PE, Orsulak PJ, Cutler AJ, et al. Aripiprazole monotherapy in the treatment of acute bipolar I mania: a randomized, double-blind, placebo- and lithium-controlled study. J Affect Disord. 2009;112:36-49. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2008.05.014
  46. Ahrens B, Grof P, Moller HJ, et al. Extended survival of patients on long-term lithium treatment. Can J Psychiat. 1995;40:241-6. doi: 10.1177/070674379504000504
  47. Алфимов П.В., Рывкин П.В., Ладыженский М.Я., и др. Метаболический синдром у больных шизофренией (обзор литературы). Современная терапия психических расстройств. 2014;3:8-14 [Alfimov PV, Ryvkin PV, Ladyzhensky MY, et al. Metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia (a review). Current Therapy of Mental Disorders. 2014;3:8-14 (in Russian)].
  48. Li C, Birmaher B, Rooks B, et al. High Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Bipolar Disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2019;30;80(4):18m12422. doi: 10.4088/JCP.18m12422
  49. Chen J, Chen H, Feng J, et al. Association between hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome in patients suffering from bipolar disorder. BMC Psychiatry. 2018;18:390. doi: 10.1186/s12888-018-1952-z
  50. Мосолов С.Н., Малин Д.И., Рывкин П.В., и др. Лекарственные взаимодействия препаратов, применяемых в психиатрической практике. Современная терапия психических расстройств. 2019;S1:2-35 [Mosolov SN, Malin DI, Ryvkin PV, et al. Psychotropic Drugs Interaction. Current Therapy of Mental Disorders. 2019;S1:2-35 (in Russian)]. doi: 10.21265/PSYPH.2019.50.40828

Copyright (c) 2021 Consilium Medicum

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
 
 


This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies