Association of nutritional patterns and arterial hypertension in Russia: does it exist?

Aim. To evaluate nutritional patterns in patient with arterial hypertension (AH) compared to the control group without elevated blood pressure.

Materials and methods. Retrospective search for unique records of the patients aged 18–75 y.o. with complete data on usual nutrition with food frequency methods who had no mentions of diabetes mellitus, food intolerance or allergies, and history of major abdominal surgery, as well as signs of secondary reasons of AH. Nutritional patterns were assessed with the use of «healthy eating pyramid» principles. Ststistical analysis was performed with the use of SPSS 13.0 for Windows software (SPSS Inc., USA).

Results. The data of 711 patients were available for the final analysis (595 of them in AH group). Both groups consumed lower compared to the recommended amounts of fruits, dairy and higher amounts of meat. Those with AH consumed larger amounts of vegetables (1.13±0.74 compared to the values of «healthy eating pyramid» vs 0.94±0.63 in the control group; p=0.004), fruits (0.80±0.66 vs 0.52±0.57; p=0.001), meat (1.85±1.05 vs 1.62±0.91; p=0.002) and fats (0.77±0.60 vs 0.49±0.55; p=0.001). On the other hand, there were lower rates of consumption of sugars, and confectionaries in the structure of nutritional patterns in patients with AH compared to the control group: (0.35±0.44 of the «healthy eating pyramid» in AH vs 1.93±0.98, in the control group; p=0.0001).

Conclusion. Nutritional patterns of patients with arterial hypertension significantly differ compared to the control group. The obtained data may be used for diet modification in patients with arterial hypertension.