Kidney health for everyone everywhere – from prevention to detection and equitable access to care

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Abstract

The global burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is rapidly increasing with a projection of becoming the 5th most common cause of years of life lost globally by 2040. Aggravatingly, CKD is a major cause of catastrophic health expenditure. The costs of dialysis and transplantation consume up to 3% of the annual healthcare budget in high-income countries. Crucially, however, the onset and progression of CKD is often preventable. In 2020, the World Kidney Day campaign highlights the importance of preventive interventions – be it primary, secondary or tertiary. This complementing article focuses on outlining and analyzing measures that can beimplemented in every country to promote and advance CKD prevention. Primary prevention of kidney disease should focus on the modification of risk factors and addressing structural abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tracts, as well as exposure to environmental risk factors and nephrotoxins. In persons with pre-existing kidney disease, secondary prevention, including blood pressure optimization and glycemic control, should be the main goal of education and clinical interventions. In patients with advanced CKD, management of co-morbidities such as uremia and cardiovascular disease is a highly recommended preventative intervention to avoid or delay dialysis or kidney transplantation. Political efforts are needed to proliferate the preventive approach. While national policies and strategies for non-communicable diseases might be present in a country, specific policies directed toward education and awareness about CKD screening, management and treatment are often lacking. Hence, there is an urgent need to increase the awareness of the importance of preventive measures throughout populations, professionals and policy makers.

About the authors

Philip Kam-Tao Li

Chinese University of Hong Kong

Email: philipli@cuhk.edu.hk

Carol & Richard Yu PD Research Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics

China, Hong-Kong

G. Garcia-Garcia

University of Guadalajara Health Sciences Center

Email: kkz@uci.edu

Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Nephrology Service

Mexico, Guadalajara, Jal.

S.-F. Lui

The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Email: kkz@uci.edu

Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Division of Health System, Policy and Management

China, Hong-Kong

S. Andreoli

Indiana University School of Medicine

Email: kkz@uci.edu

James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children

United States, Indianapolis

W. Wing-Shing Fung

Chinese University of Hong Kong

Email: kkz@uci.edu

Carol & Richard Yu PD Research Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics

China, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics

A. Hradsky

World Kidney Day Office

Email: kkz@uci.edu
Belgium, Brussels

L. Kumaraswami

Tanker Foundation

Email: kkz@uci.edu
India, Chennai

V. Liakopoulos

AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Email: kkz@uci.edu

Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 1st Department of Internal Medicine

Greece, Thessaloniki

Z. Rakhimova

World Kidney Day Office

Email: kkz@uci.edu
Belgium, Brussels

G. Saadi

Cairo University

Email: kkz@uci.edu

Nephrology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine

Egypt, Giza

L. Strani

World Kidney Day Office

Email: kkz@uci.edu
Belgium, Brussels

I. Ulasi

University of Nigeria

Email: kkz@uci.edu

Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine

Nigeria, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu

K. Kalantar-Zadeh

University of California Irvine School of Medicine

Author for correspondence.
Email: kkz@uci.edu

Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation

 
United States, Orange, CA

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