USE OF WALK TESTS IN PULMONOLOGY


Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

Functional assessment is an obligatory part of examination of patients with chronic respiratory diseases. Ergospirometry is a "gold standard" of functional examination of the cardiorespiratory system. Walk tests are alternative to ergospirometry and can be performed outside laboratories of functional diagnosis. A 6-min walk test provides information on functional condition, treatment efficacy and prognosis in many diseases of the heart and lungs. The result of this test under 350 m suggests a high risk of death. However, this test has a serious defect an insignificant result in weak motivation of the patient. The defects of a 6-min walk test can be corrected by the shuttle-test with growing or permanent load. The test with growing load measures physical performance, while that with permanent load estimates the ability to endure long-term loading.

About the authors

O N Ots

Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology

Email: ole-otson@rambler.ru
д-р мед. наук, рук. хирургического отд

B M Maliev

Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology

Email: mbekbatyr@mail.ru
д-р мед. наук, первый зам. дир. по науке

M I Chushkin

Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology

Email: mchushkin@yandex.ru
канд. мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр

Yu V Mandrykin

Medical Center of the Russian Bank

Email: uvm1950@mail.ru
д-р мед. наук, проф., отд-ние реабилитации

S S Yartsev

Medical Center of the Russian Bank

Email: serg-yartsev@yandex.ru
д-р мед. наук, отд-ние ЭФИ и ФВД

References

  1. Чучалин А. Г. (ред.). Хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких. Практ. руководство для врачей. М.; 2004. 63.
  2. Pitta F., Troosters T., Spruit M. A. et al. Characteristics of physical activities in daily life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2005; 171 (9): 972—977.
  3. Чикина С. Ю. Внелабораторные нагрузочные тесты при патологии органов дыхания. Креатив. хир. и онкол. 2010; 1: 820-95.
  4. Palange P., Ward S. A., Carlsen K. H. et al. ERS Task Force. Recommendations on the use of exercise testing in clinical practice. Eur. Respir. J. 2007; 29 (1): 185—209.
  5. Singh S. Walking for the assessment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. Mon. 2007; 40: 148—164.
  6. Solway S., Brooks D., Lacasse Y., Thomas S. A qualitative systematic overview of the measurement properties of functional walk tests used in the cardiorespiratory domain. Chest 2001; 119: P. 256—270.
  7. Cooper K. H. A means of assessing maximal oxygen intake. Correlation between field and treadmill testing. J.A.M.A. 1968; 203: 201—204.
  8. McGavin C. R., Gupta S. P., McHardy G. J. Twelve-minute walking test for assessing disability in chronic bronchitis. Br. Med. J. 1976; 1: 822—823.
  9. Butland R. J., Pang J., Gross E. R. et al. Two-, six-, and 12-minute walking tests in respiratory disease. Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed.) 1982; 284 (6329): 1607—1608.
  10. Guyatt G. H., Sullivan M. J., Thompson P. J. et al. The 6-minute walk: a new measure of exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 1985; 132 (8): 919—923.
  11. Casas A., Vilaro J., Rabinovich R. et al. Encouraged 6-min walking test indicates maximum sustainable exercise in COPD patients. Chest 2005; 128 (1): 55—61.
  12. Onorati P., Antonucci R., Valli G. et al. Non-invasive evaluation of gas exchange during a shuttle walking test vs. a 6-min walking test to assess exercise tolerance in COPD patients. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 2003; 89: 331—336.
  13. ATS statement: Guidelines for the six-minute walk test. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2002; 166: 111—117.
  14. Lipkin D. P., Scriven A. J., Crake T., Poole-Wilson P. A. Six minute walking test for assessing exercise capacity in chronic heart failure. Br. Med. J. 1986; 292: 653—655.
  15. Ambrosino N. Field tests in pulmonary disease. Thorax 1999; 54 (3): 191—193.
  16. Enright P. L. The six-minute walk test. Respir. Care 2003; 48 (8): 783—785.
  17. Brown C. D., Wise R. A. Field tests of exercise in COPD: the six-minute walk test and the shuttle walk test. TOPD 2007; 4: 217—223.
  18. Chetta A., Pisi G., Aiello M. et al. The walking capacity asseement in the respiratory patient. Respiration 2009; 77: 361—367.
  19. Enright P. L., McBurnie M. A., Bittner V. et al. The 6-min walk test. A quick measure of functional status in elderly adults. Chest 2003; 123 (2): 387—398.
  20. Панкратьев Л. М., Мандрыкин Ю. В., Скрынникова Н. Г. и др. Повторяемость результатов теста с шестиминутной ходьбой (ТШХ) у лиц с хроническими заболеваниями легких: сколько необходимо попыток? В кн.: XX Национальный конгресс по болезням органов дыхания: Сборник трудов. М.; 2010. 393.
  21. Hernandes N.A., Wouters E.F., Meijer K. et al. Reproducibility of 6-minute walking test in patients with COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 2010; 38 (2): 261—267.
  22. Jenkins S., Cecins N. M. Six-minute walk test in pulmonary rehabilitation: do all patients need a practice test? Respirology 2010; 15: 1192—1196.
  23. Fleg J. L., Pina I. L., Balady G. J. et al. Assessment of functional capacity in clinical and research applications: An advisory from the Committee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention, Council on Clinical Cardiology, American Heart Association. Circulation 2000; 102 (13): 1591—1597.
  24. Redelmeier D. A., Bayoumi A. M., Goldstein R. S., Guyatt G. H. Interpreting small differences in functional status: the Six Minute Walk test in chronic lung disease patients. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1997; 155 (4): 1278—1282.
  25. Puhan M. A., Mador M. J., Held U. et al. Interpretation of treatment changes in 6-minute walk distance in patients with COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 2008; 32 (3): 637—643.
  26. Frost A. E., Langleben D., Oudiz R. et al. The 6-min walk test (6MW) as an efficacy endpoint in pulmonary arterial hypertension clinical trials: demonstration of a ceiling effect. Vascul. Pharmacol. 2005; 43 (1): 36—39.
  27. Chetta A., Zanini A., Pisi G. et al. Reference values for the 6-min walk test in healthy subjects 20-50 years old. Respir. Med. 2006; 100 (9): 1573—1578.
  28. Enright P. L., Sherill D. L. Reference equations for the six-minute walk in healthy adults. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998; 158: 1384—1387.
  29. Gibbons W. J., Fruchter N., Sloan S., Levy R. D. Reference values for a multiple repetition 6-minute walk test in healthy adults older than 20 years. J. Cardiopulm. Rehabil. 2001; 21 (2): 87—93.
  30. Troosters T., Gosselink R., Decramer M. Six minute walking distance in healthy elderly subjects. Eur. Respir. J. 1999; 14 (2): 270—274.
  31. Casanova C., Celli B. R., Barria P. et al. The 6-min walk distance in healthy subjects: reference standards from seven countries. Eur. Respir. J. 2011; 37 (1): 150—156.
  32. Национальные рекомендации ВНОК и ОССН по диагностике и лечению ХСН (третий пересмотр). Сердеч. недостат. 2010; 1: 3—62.
  33. Cote C. G., Casanova C., Marin J. M. et al. Validation and comparison of reference equations for the 6-min walk distance test. Eur. Respir. J. 2008; 31 (3): 571—578.
  34. Pinto-Plata V. M., Cote C., Cabral H. et al. The 6-min walk distance: change over time and value as a predictor of survival in severe COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 2004; 23 (1): 28—33.
  35. Cote C. G., Celli B. R. Predictors of mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin. Chest Med. 2007; 28: 515—524.
  36. Celli B. R., Cote C. G., Marin J. M. et al. The body-mass index, airflow obstruction, and capacity index in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 2004; 350: 1005—1012.
  37. Miyamoto S., Nagaya N., Satoh T. et al. Clinical correlates and prognostic significance of six-minute walk test in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Comparison with cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2000; 161 (2, Pt 1): 487—492.
  38. Paciocco G., Martinez F. J., Bossone E. et al. Oxygen desaturation on the six-minute walk test and mortality in untreated primary pulmonary hypertension. Eur. Respir. J. 2001; 17 (4): 647—652.
  39. Galié N., Hoeper M. M., Humbert M. et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Task Force for Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of European Society of Cardiology (ESC); European Respiratory Society (ERS); International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT). Eur. Respir. J. 2009; 34 (6): 1219—1263.
  40. Flaherty K. R., Andrei A. C., Murray S. et al. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: prognostic value of changes in physiology and six-minute-walk test. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2006; 174 (7): 803—809.
  41. Bradley B., Branley H. M., Egan J. J. et al. Interstitial lung disease guideline: the British Thoracic Society in collaboration with the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand and the Irish Thoracic Society. Thorax 2008; 63 (Suppl. 5): v1—v58.
  42. Singh S. J., Morgan M. D., Scott S. et al. Development of a shuttle walking test of disability in patients with chronic airways obstruction. Thorax 1992; 47 (12): 1019—1024.
  43. Revill S. M., Morgan M. D., Singh S. J. et al. The endurance shuttle walk: a new field test for the assessment of endurance capacity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 1999; 54 (3): 213—222.
  44. Bradley J., Howard J., Wallace E., Elborn S. Validity of a modified shuttle test in adult cystic fibrosis. Thorax 1999; 54 (5): 437—439.
  45. Панкратьев Л. М., Мандрыкин Ю. В., Скрынникова Н. Г. и др. Шаттл-тест с возрастающей нагрузкой: опыт использования. В кн.: XX Национальный конгресс по болезням органов дыхания: Сборник трудов. М.; 2010, 393.
  46. Singh S. J., Morgan M. D., Hardman A. E. et al. Comparison of oxygen uptake during a conventional treadmill test and the shuttle walking test in chronic airflow limitation. Eur. Respir. J. 1994; 7 (11): 2016—2020.
  47. Singh S. J., Jones P. W., Evans R., Morgan M. D. Minimum clinically important improvement for the incremental shuttle walking test. Thorax 2008; 36: 775—777.
  48. Win T., Jackson A., Groves A. M. et al. Comparison of shuttle walk with measured peak oxygen consumption in patients with operable lung cancer. Thorax 2006; 61 (1): 57—60.
  49. Colice G. L., Shafazand S., Griffin J. P. et al. Physiologic evaluation of the patient with lung cancer being considered for resectional surgery: ACCP evidenced-based clinical practice guidelines (2nd edition). Chest 2007; 132 (3, Suppl.): 161S—177S.

Copyright (c) 2012 Consilium Medicum

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
 
 


This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies