Dynamics of hospital mortality in COVID-19 pandemia

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Abstract

Background. During the pandemic of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) caused by a virus SARS-CoV-2 there has been significant variability in symptoms of the disease over time, severity of the course and in particular hospital mortality. Several SARS-CoV-2 variants have been identified such as Alpha, Delta, Omicron and others.

Aim. To investigate the hospital mortality in patients with different strain variants during the period from April 2020 to April 2022. All included patients had moderate to severe COVID-19-associated pneumonia requiring hospitalization.

Materials and methods. In this retrospective, conclusive, non-randomized, non-controlled study 4854 clinical records of hospitalized patients with Alpha (n=2400, April – December 2020), Delta (n=1722, 2021) and Omicron (n=627, January – April 2022) variants were investigated.

Results. Hospital mortality is 6% in Alpha variant patients (6%), 5.7% in Delta and significantly lower in Omicron (1.5%; p<0,001). Cardiovascular disease (arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, chronic heart failure), diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease were risk factors for death in Alpha and Delta, but not in Omicron. There was also a significant decrease in the duration of hospitalization with strains Delta [7 days (5; 9)] and Omicron [7 (5; 11)] compared with Alpha [11 (9; 13); p<0,001], and differences in factors the risk of mortality between the tested COVID variants.

Conclusion. Thus, differences in mortality and risk factors for death between COVID-19 variants could be shown in our cohort.

About the authors

Diana F. Gareeva

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: d.f.gareeva@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1874-8661
Scopus Author ID: 56700303400
ResearcherId: G-3941-2016

кандидат медицинских наук, доц. кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней

Russian Federation, Ufa

Irina A. Lakman

Ufa University of Science and Technology

Email: Lackmania@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9876-9202

кандидат техн. наук, доцент, вед. научный сотрудник управления научных исследований и разработок

Russian Federation, Ufa

Alexander A. Agapitov

Ufa University of Science and Technology

Email: aleks6321@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3618-2657

laboratory researcher of Scientific Research and Development Department

Russian Federation, Ufa

Liana F. Sadikova

Ufa University of Science and Technology

Email: walsh.lea@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9250-5548

laboratory researcher of Scientific Research and Development Department

Russian Federation, Ufa

Paruir A. Davtian

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: davtyanparuir@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5972-6418

postgraduate student at Propaedeutics of internal diseases department

Russian Federation, Ufa

Valeriia L. Kayumova

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: al_val_leon@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-9006-6536

resident at Propaedeutics of internal diseases department

Russian Federation, Ufa

Guzel M. Nurtdinova

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: guzel-doc@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1662-821X

MD, Phd, Assosiate professor at Propaedeutics of internal diseases department

Russian Federation, Ufa

Elena A. Badykova

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: lnurova@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8167-4271

MD, PhD, assistant at Propaedeutics of internal diseases department

Russian Federation, Ufa

Magomed S. Kurbanov

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: magomedkurbanov10@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-0788-5336

student of the Faculty of Medicine

Russian Federation, Ufa

Islam R. Idigov

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: nikitakorolev1004@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-4314-3704

student of the Faculty of Medicine

Russian Federation, Ufa

Lukas Fiedler

Landesklinikum Wiener Neustadt

Email: flukas@me.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2626-3098

MD, oberarzt, doctor of medicine, senior physician

Austria, Wiener Neustadt

Lukas-Jaroslaw Motloch

Clinic II for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University; Department of Internal Medicine II, Salzkammergut Klinikum; Johannes Kepler University, Department of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Medical Faculty

Email: Lukas.Motloch@ooeg.at
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5829-6743

Dr med, MD., professor, Head of Department of Internal Medicine II, Salzkammergut Klinikum

Austria, Salzburg; Vöcklabruck; Linz

Аnna-Maria Dieplinger

Institute for Nursing Science and Practice, Paracelsus Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: AnnaMaria.Dieplinger@ooeg.at
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4332-2347

MD, PhD, cooperator

Austria, Salzburg

Venera M. Timiryanova

Ufa University of Science and Technology

Email: 79174073127@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1004-0722

Leading researcher of Scientific Research and Development Department

Russian Federation, Ufa

Naufal Sh. Zagudullin

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: znaufal@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2386-6707

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Phd, MD, Director of the Research Institute of Cardiology, Head of the Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases

Russian Federation, Ufa

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2. Fig. 1. Study design.

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3. Fig. 2. Kaplan–Meier curves for in-hospital mortality.

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