Vol 2017, No 4 (2017)

The development of macroscopic plastic flow heterogeneities in metals in the form of Chernov–Lüders bands and the Portevin–Le Chatelier effect is studied. The main laws of deformation development in these two cases are found, and the kinetics of the motion of Chernov–Lüders band fronts and the serrated deformation during the Portevin–Le Chatelier effect is investigated. It is shown that both versions of heterogeneities can be considered as macroscopic autowave processes of switching and excitation in deformable media.

A procedure for calculating residual stresses is developed. It is based on the energy approach and the Tresca criteria of strength and plasticity and includes the main technological parameters of tube making. Relationships are derived to estimate the ultimate strain during the production of axisymmetric hollow metal billets.

The physical mechanisms of hydrogen embrittlement and fracture of nanocrystalline materials due to the molecular hydrogen pressure in cavities and the formation of hydride phases are proposed and justified mathematically.

The formation of a microstructure in the surface layers of model samples made of a titanium nickelide–based alloy intended for medical application during plasma immersion processing by silicon ions is studied. Depending on technological conditions, either a silicon coating can be formed or a surface layer can be alloyed. The formed layers have a high microhardness and high adhesion to the base material.

The thermal stability of freely suspended silver films 100 nm thick is studied during isothermal annealing at temperatures of 350–600°C for different times. At temperatures of 350–450°C, only grain growth is observed. Above 450°C, along with grain growth, the formation and growth of hillocks and holes take place; in this case, grain boundaries are essential in the processes. A continuous film transforms into a cellular one. At 500°C, the growth processes of both grains and holes have the same incubation period, during which no grain growth, hole formation, and hole growth take place.

The effect of cold working and annealing for various times on the structure, the mechanical properties, and the fracture characteristics of an ultrafine-grained Zr–1 wt % Nb alloy after three-dimensional pressing is studied. Possible causes for increasing the thermal stability of the strength properties of the ultrafine-grained Zr–1 wt % Nb alloy during prerecrystallization annealing after additional cold working by rolling are discussed.

Transmission electron microscopy is used to reveal the formation of localized deformation channels on a nanoscale in 30Kh2N2MFA steel subjected to compressive deformation of 40% or more. The channels are found to be located mainly along the interfaces of neighboring bainite lamellae or along grain boundaries. The structure of the deformation channels, their sizes, and the change in their volume fraction with the strain are analyzed.

The mechanism of impact fracture of soft magnetic amorphous alloy Fe_73.5Cu₁Nb₃Si_13.5B₉ ribbons in a disintegrator after heat treatment at a temperature from the range 300–700°C and the fractional composition of the formed powder are studied. The temperature ranges of a change in the mechanism of ribbon fracture are determined. The particle size distribution is shown to change weakly within the revealed temperature ranges.

The microhardness of anodic aluminum oxide formed by anodizing of aluminum sheet in electrolyte on the basis of sodium hydroxide has been determined experimentally. The microhardness of the hard film/soft substrate system has been estimated by three approaches: indentation geometry (length of diagonals) in film surfaces, the sum of the hardnesses of the film and the surface with allowance for the indentation surface area and geometry, and with allowance for the indentation depth. It is demonstrated that the approach accounting for the indentation depth makes it possible to eliminate the influence of the substrate. It is established that the microhardness of the films formed in alkaline electrolytes is comparable with that formed in acid electrolytes.

An atomic force microscopy technique is proposed to determine the wear resistance of a protective coating deposited by the sol–gel method on the surface of a polyvinylchloride film. The force of action of a probe on a sample is estimated under various scanning conditions. It is shown that the obtained data on the resistance of a coating to the action of a probe in the contact mode can be used to qualitatively estimate the adhesion of the coating to the surface of a polymer matrix.

The development of short fatigue cracks in a 2524-T3 alloy is studied under cyclic tension conditions. Flat specimens with a stress concentrator in the form of a central hole are analyzed. The replica technique is used to determine the microcrack parameters and to estimate the cyclic damage characteristics of the alloy in the stress concentrator zone. The experimental results are compared to the fatigue lives estimated by a calculation-experimental method using the NASGRO software package. The experimental fatigue life at the stage of short crack initiation is found to be significantly shorter than the calculated fatigue life.

The problem of choosing an effective approach to determining the fatigue strength of welded butt joints at the stage of crack nucleation is solved. The results of the calculations performed according to the existing building code from the specified strength characteristics and the calculations that take into account local elastoplastic deformation in stress concentration zones are compared. Full-scale specimens of the welded joints of pair angles are tested in the low-cycle fatigue region at a constant load. The kinetics of the state of stress in the zones of terminating flange welded joints is studied by a tensometric method. It is shown that the stage of fatigue crack nucleation is best described using the deformation criterion of fracture: a comparison of the results of calculating the number of cycles to the nucleation of a fatigue crack with experimental data demonstrates good agreement.

A new type of specimens is proposed to study the fracture kinetics of the metallic materials subjected to a long-term simultaneous action of a tensile load and a corrosive medium. The new design of specimens makes it possible to determine the stress intensity factor at the crack opening fixed by a wedging bolt, to perform investigations in any aggressive medium, and to measure the tensile load on a specimen at any stage of tests. Standard apparatus is used for this purpose. Plate specimens made of structural aluminum alloys 1163T and V95pchT2 are tested. A paradoxical fact of increasing the conventional stress intensity factor of the V95pchT2 alloy during the development of a corrosion crack is revealed.