Vol 68, No 12 (2023)

Предложена методика эмпирической оценки переходной характеристики антенны апертурного типа при ее возбуждении видеоимпульсом. Оценка проведена на основе сравнения напряжения возбуждения антенны и напряжения возбуждения излучающего раскрыва, которое вычислено по параметрам излученного импульса. Дана оценка энергетической эффективности заданной антенны как преобразователя электрической энергии в энергию излучения при вариации длины антенны, длительности и формы импульса ее возбуждения.

Предложен метод повышения чувствительности электродного датчика, предназначенного для измерения напряженности сверхнизкочастотного электрического поля в морской воде. Показано, что за счет выбора размера и места расположения электродов на плоском диэлектрическом обтекателе шум движения, обусловленный буксировкой, у такого датчика может быть уменьшен в несколько раз, а чувствительность датчика повышена.

The electrodynamic properties of the plasma of a high-frequency capacitive discharge with a magnetic field along the capacitor plates are considered. The complex impedance of such a system is calculated. Based on the equivalent electrical circuit of a plasma capacitor, the resonant properties of the discharge are analyzed. The role of ions in the stability of an electron flow drifting in crossed electric and magnetic fields has been demonstrated.

The possibility of coherent addition of chaotic radio pulses in a wireless channel has been demonstrated experimentally. A method for obtaining chaotic radio pulses having an initial section with oscillations similar in shape is described. Chaotic radio pulses are generated and emitted by independent, structurally identical generators of chaotic oscillations, each of which is modulated by a sequence of video power pulses. It is shown that at the output of an antenna receiving signals from two emitters, coherent addition of chaotic radio pulses is observed.

The features of calculating the matrices of linear parameters and characteristics of multi-wire transmission lines have been considered. The method of calculation of the matrices of primary linear parameters of multi-wire transmission lines has been presented. The criteria for the accuracy of the calculation of the capacitive matrix have been formulated. It has been noted that it is necessary to accurately account for the mutual influence between the transmission line conductors for a correct estimation of the distortions of the
signals propagated in it. The influence of the linear parameters of multi-wire transmission lines on responses and eye diagrams at the end of their active conductors has been demonstrated. The influence of the distances from the extreme conductors to the boundaries of the cross-sections of transmission lines on the accuracy of
calculating their capacitive matrices has been studied. Using the method of moments, it has been shown that known approaches to determining these distances do not always give accurate or efficient results. On the example of several transmission lines with different numbers of dielectric layers and conductors, as well as with the screen and without it, the minimum values of this distance at which it is possible to achieve an accurate and efficient calculation of their capacitive matrices have been determined.

A screen that absorbs electromagnetic radiation has been proposed, a micromachine technology for its production has been developed based on volumetric microprocessing of single-crystalline silicon,
experimental samples have been manufactured, and their characteristics have been studied. It is shown that in the measurement frequency range of 14.7–26.7 GHz there is a smooth increase in the attenuation introduced by the absorbing screen with increasing frequency to a maximum value of 20–23 dB at a frequency of about 20 GHz, and then a smooth decline. The amount of attenuation increases as the length of the screen increases and can reach any value. The manufactured samples of the absorbing screen provide significant attenuation in the required frequency range with a small substrate thickness and can be successfully used in space equipment to ensure electromagnetic compatibility.

It was shown for the first time that when nickel is deposited onto a heated gallium antimonide substrate, diffusion of antimony atoms from the substrate into the growing film occurs and a nickel antimonide film is formed, which has an axial texture with an axis perpendicular to the film plane along the (101) direction.

The mechanisms of reversible and irreversible failures that occur in microwave semiconductor devices, microcircuits, and microprocessors under the action of powerful electromagnetic pulses, either single or periodic, are analyzed. It is shown that, in microprocessors, failures of both types are generated by the
electrothermal instabilities, which develop in negligibly small volumes of a device. The dependences of the threshold energy of failures on the pulse amplitude, length, and repetition rate are explained. The results of the calculation are consistent with the experimental data.

A review analysis of the problematic aspects of creating high-power nanosecond frequency-pulse solid-state lasers for use in various technological fields, including the electronics industry, has been carried out. Considered installations with various pumping methods (lamp and diode) in the frequency (about 100 Hz) of generation in the micron region of the infrared range. The possibilities of increasing the energy potential of influencing pulses in master oscillator-amplifier circuits, including two-pass amplification, are analyzed. Discussed possibilities and prospects for the use of lasers with active elements (AEs) on glass, as well as the synthesis of large-sized garnet single crystals with an admixture of rare earth elements and optical
ceramics for the production of AEs.