Evaluation of Direction and Mechanisms of Biochar Application Effect on Substrate-Induced Soil Respiration in a Long-Term Laboratory Experiment

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Abstract

In a laboratory experiment, the effect of biochar (BC) on substrate-induced respiration (SIR) of soils was studied. In the experiment, 10 samples of BC obtained from woody and herbaceous materials in two modes of pyrolysis were used. The SIR intensity was determined after 3 days, 3 and 6 months of incubation. During short-term incubation, no effect of BC on SIR was observed. The exception was the corn-based BU application, which saw a 34.6% increase in SIR. Аfter incubation for 3 months, a significant increase in SIR was found (from 30.4 to 54.8%) for five BCs were added. When incubated for 6 months, a significant increase in SID (from 30.4 to 65.9%) was observed when eight BCs were applied. Lasso regression and 23 measures of BC properties were used as potential predictors to evaluate BC properties that affect SIR. It was found that during a three-day incubation, the following properties of BС have a positive effect on SIR: the content of oxidizable organic matter (OM), exchangeable calcium, and pH of the aqueous suspension, and a weak negative effect on the content of exchangeable sodium. When incubated for 3 months there is a positive effect of oxidized OM, and after 6 months – ash content. Since only a positive statistically significant effect of BC on SIR was observed in the experiments, the authors conclude that in order to objectively assess the effectiveness of their use for CO2 sequestration in soils, balance calculations are necessary, in which, along with the amount of stable carbon introduced into soils with BC, a potential increase in CO2 emissions from soils due to the activation of soil saprophytic microbiota.

About the authors

E. V. Smirnova

Kazan Federal University

Author for correspondence.
Email: tutinkaz@yandex.ru
Russia, 420008, Kazan

K. G. Genyatullin

Kazan Federal University

Email: tutinkaz@yandex.ru
Russia, 420008, Kazan

P. V. Okunev

Kazan Federal University

Email: tutinkaz@yandex.ru
Russia, 420008, Kazan

A. A. Valeeva

Kazan Federal University

Email: tutinkaz@yandex.ru
Russia, 420008, Kazan

S. S. Ryazanov

Institute of Problems in the Republic of Tatarstan

Email: tutinkaz@yandex.ru
Russia, 420087, Kazan

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