Alternative Mechanisms of Mutagenesis at mCpG Sites during Replication and Repair

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Abstract

5-Methyl-2'-deoxycytidine (mC) at CpG sites plays a key role in the epigenetic gene function regulation, cell differentiation and carcinogenesis. Despite the importance of mC for normal cell function, CpG dinucleotides are known as mutagenesis hotspots. mC is deaminated with the formation of T, causing C→T transitions. However, several recent studies demonstrated the effect of epigenetic modifications of C on the fidelity and efficiency of DNA polymerases and excision repair enzymes. This review summarizes the known data indicating the existence of mutagenesis mechanisms independent of deamination at CpG sites.

About the authors

E. S. Shilkin

Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”

Email: amakarova-img@yandex.ru
Russia, 123182, Moscow

D. V. Petrova

Institute of Сhemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State University

Email: amakarova-img@yandex.ru
Russia, 630090, Novosibirsk; Russia, 63009, Novosibirsk

D. O. Zharkov

Institute of Сhemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: dzharkov@niboch.nsc.ru
Russia, 630090, Novosibirsk; Russia, 63009, Novosibirsk

A. V. Makarova

Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”

Author for correspondence.
Email: amakarova-img@yandex.ru
Russia, 123182, Moscow

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Согласие на обработку персональных данных с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика»

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2. Категории обрабатываемых данных: файлы «cookies» (куки-файлы). Файлы «cookie» – это небольшой текстовый файл, который веб-сервер может хранить в браузере Пользователя. Данные файлы веб-сервер загружает на устройство Пользователя при посещении им Сайта. При каждом следующем посещении Пользователем Сайта «cookie» файлы отправляются на Сайт Оператора. Данные файлы позволяют Сайту распознавать устройство Пользователя. Содержимое такого файла может как относиться, так и не относиться к персональным данным, в зависимости от того, содержит ли такой файл персональные данные или содержит обезличенные технические данные.

3. Цель обработки персональных данных: анализ пользовательской активности с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика».

4. Категории субъектов персональных данных: все Пользователи Сайта, которые дали согласие на обработку файлов «cookie».

5. Способы обработки: сбор, запись, систематизация, накопление, хранение, уточнение (обновление, изменение), извлечение, использование, передача (доступ, предоставление), блокирование, удаление, уничтожение персональных данных.

6. Срок обработки и хранения: до получения от Субъекта персональных данных требования о прекращении обработки/отзыва согласия.

7. Способ отзыва: заявление об отзыве в письменном виде путём его направления на адрес электронной почты Оператора: info@rcsi.science или путем письменного обращения по юридическому адресу: 119991, г. Москва, Ленинский просп., д.32А

8. Субъект персональных данных вправе запретить своему оборудованию прием этих данных или ограничить прием этих данных. При отказе от получения таких данных или при ограничении приема данных некоторые функции Сайта могут работать некорректно. Субъект персональных данных обязуется сам настроить свое оборудование таким способом, чтобы оно обеспечивало адекватный его желаниям режим работы и уровень защиты данных файлов «cookie», Оператор не предоставляет технологических и правовых консультаций на темы подобного характера.

9. Порядок уничтожения персональных данных при достижении цели их обработки или при наступлении иных законных оснований определяется Оператором в соответствии с законодательством Российской Федерации.

10. Я согласен/согласна квалифицировать в качестве своей простой электронной подписи под настоящим Согласием и под Политикой обработки персональных данных выполнение мною следующего действия на сайте: https://journals.rcsi.science/ нажатие мною на интерфейсе с текстом: «Сайт использует сервис «Яндекс.Метрика» (который использует файлы «cookie») на элемент с текстом «Принять и продолжить».