Structure Analysis of the MatA Locus of Sexual Compatibility in the Edible Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus

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Abstract

The edible oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus is one of the most cultivated species worldwide. Morphogenesis associated with the fruit bodies maturation is controlled by two unlinked loci of sexual compatibility matA and matB with multiple alleles (tetrapolar system of sexual compatibility). Quantitative analysis of the alleles of mating compatibility loci in 17 natural isolates collected in the Moscow region was performed in mon-mon (monokaryon – monokaryon) and di-mon (dikaryon – monokaryon) crossings. Four monokaryotic testers strains which were heteroallelic at both mating type loci were obtained for each of the five natural mushroom isolates by using original technique of sterile spore prints on Petri dishes and mon-mon crossing. Twelve natural isolates were crossed via di-mon mating with the four monokaryotic testers M-38. Genetic analysis of the alleles of sexual compatibility loci in 17 natural isolates revealed multiple alleles at both loci: at least 10 alleles at matA locus and eight alleles at matB locus. Structural organization analysis of the matA locus was performed in silico for homokaryotic strains PC9 and PC15 based on the genome sequencing data available at DOE Joint Genome Institute. The matA locus is proved to be of extremely divergent structure: there are one copy of the homeodomain gene hd1 and one copy of the hd2 gene in the PC9 strain, whereas the matA locus of the PC15 strain is composed by two copies of hd1.1 and hd1.2 genes (class HD1 homeodomain proteins) and one copy of hd2 gene (class HD2 proteins). Comprehensive analysis of amino acid sequences of HD1 and HD2 homeodomain proteins demonstrated that the proteins have a globular structure with the nuclear localization and contain a variable N-terminus and the more conservative DNA-binding domain with a specific conservative motif WFXNXR in the third ɑ-helix. The results approve the opinion that multiple alleles of the matA locus of sexual compatibility in basidiomycete fungi is achieved by different copies’ number of the coding hd genes within the locus, as well as by the variability of the coding gene sequences.

About the authors

А. V. Shnyreva

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: ashn@mail.ru
Russia, Moscow

A. A. Shnyreva

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: shnirevaa@mail.ru
Russia, Moscow

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