Vol 57, No 6 (2023)

Recent phylogenetic studies indicate taxonomic uncertainty of some species in the genera Arcyria (Arcyriaceae) and Trichia (Trichiaceae). For example, a phylogenetic position of Trichia brunnea still is not resolved. We revised a taxonomic position of this species based on extensively sampled 18S nrDNA sequences, as well as a morphological analysis of sporocarps and spores. The nomenclatural history of T. brunnea is briefly presented and a comprehensive morphological description of the species is provided. In result, we support the transfer of T. brunnea to Arcyria. Because of the name Arcyria brunnea exists already, we propose a new name, A. brunneo-iridescens (= Trichia brunnea).

The Shantar Islands is an archipelago in the western part of the Sea of Okhotsk, at a distance of about 50 km from the mainland coast. In August 2019, we have carried out mycological studies on the islands of Bolshoi Shantar and Prokofiev. An annotated list is given of 103 species first found in the national park; 21 species of them were found in Khabarovsk Territory for the first time. The Shantar Islands are geographically the northernmost area in the Khabarovsk Territory, where specialized mycological studies were carried out. Such new species for the region as Cortinarius acutus, C. bivelus, C. traganus, Chromosera lilacina, Laccaria bicolor, in the Russian Far East were previously known only from more northern regions: Magadan Region, Kamchatka, Chukotka, Yakutia and from the taiga zone of Amur Region. Taking into account previously published data, a total of 105 species of agaricoid basidiomycetes are known for the national park.

The paper continues a series of publications devoted to the new finds of fungi (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota) in Sverdlovsk Region (the Middle Urals, Russia). Totally, 75 species of macro- and microfungi reported on alien and aborigine woody plants for the first time in the region. The most numerous group are alien plant pathogenic fungi (71%) developing on cultivated fruit trees in gardens and parks, as well as on many common species of trees and shrubs in urban greening.

Microfungi are promising objects for bioremediation due to their ability to convert metals into forms that are less mobile and accessible to organisms. The study showed that the fungi Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus niger have physiological mechanisms of extracellular Zn detoxification at its initial concentration of 250 µmol – 2 mmol in the medium. At concentrations of 250–500 µmol Zn promotes the accumulation of biomass and abundant sporulation of A. niger and Penicillium chrysogenum, and at concentrations of 1–2 mmol inhibits the growth of fungi. Extracellular Zn detoxification in Aspergillus niger culture occurs by the formation of dihydrate zinc oxalate katsarosite, due to the active biosynthesis of oxalic acid in A. niger. The main mechanism of zinc detoxification in Penicillium chrysogenum culture was the formation of zinc phosphate hopeite. The formation of zinc phosphate hopeite under the action of the fungus was established for the first time. The key factors that determine the direction of the processes of formation of extracellular mineral phases are the amounts of EPS and oxalic acid produced by fungi, as well as changes in the pH of the medium during the growth of cultures.

The expansion of the area of significance of yellow rust was observed in the last years. Until recently, in the conditions of the North-West, the disease occurred sporadically. However, in recent years, its strong development has been observed on wheat samples studied on the collection fields of scientific research institutes and State variety plots, as well as on some commercial fields in the Leningrad region. The aim of this work is to study the virulence and racial composition of the yellow rust pathogen in the Northwest and to conduct a molecular analysis of population samples for the presence of invasive races PstS1 and PstS2. Leaves of common wheat samples with of Puccinia striiformis urediniopustules were collected on commercial fields, State variety plots and experimental fields of the Research Institutes in 2020–2022. Near isogenic Avocet lines (Av NIL) with genes Yr1, Yr5, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr9, Yr10, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr24, Yr26, YrSp, Yr27 and differential varieties from international [Chinese 166 (Yr1), Lee (Yr7, Yr+), Heines Kolben (Yr6, Yr+), Vilmorin 23 (Yr3), Moro (Yr10, YrMor), Strubes Dickkopf (YrSD, Yr25, Yr+), Suwon 92/Omar) (YrSu, Yr+)] and European [Hybrid 46 (Yr4, Yr+), Reichersberg 42 (Yr7, Yr+), Heines Peko (Yr2, Yr6, Yr25, Yr+), Nord Desprez (Yr3, YrND, Yr+), Compair (Yr8, Yr19), Carstens V (Yr32, Yr25, Yr+), Spaldings Prolific (YrSP, Yr+), Heines VII (Yr2, Yr25, Yr+)] sets used for characteristic of pathogen virulence. Set of SCAR markers (SCP19M24a1, SCP19M24a2, SCP19M26a1, SCP19M26a2) used for identification of invasive races. A total 92 isolates were studied. High effectiveness at the seedling stage had genes Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, Yr24, Yr26. Isolates virulent to differential varieties Moro (Yr10, YrMor) and Nord Desprez (Yr3, YrND, Yr+) was not determined. Virulence to wheat genotypes with Yr17 gene was rare. Twenty-four virulence phenotypes identified using 29 virulence testers. The number of virulence alleles varied from 7 to 21. At the same time, differences between the phenotypes of P. striiformis on the studied common wheat varieties were insignificant. Most of them have united in a common group. Two groups of isolates slightly differentiated from them. The first included isolates from varieties characterized by a smaller number of virulence alleles, the second – with the maximum number of virulence alleles. Molecular analysis of the northwestern po-pulation revealed isolates belonging to the invasive PstS2 group in 2020 and 2022. Their virulence did not differ significantly from other northwestern phenotypes. The high evolutionary potential predetermines the need for annual monitoring of pathogen populations based on virulence and representation of invasive races.

New data on basidiomycete species (Crucibulum laeve, Ganoderma resinaceum, Leccinum duriusculum, Lentinus brumalis, Neolentinus cyathiformis, and Volvariella bombycina) recorded for the first time for the Pamir-Alay ranges in Uzbekistan is presented. All collections were made within protected areas of the Zaamin National Nature Park, the Nuratau Nature Reserve, and the Kitab State Geological Reserve. Detailed information on studied specimens deposited in Tashkent Mycological Herbarium of the Institute of Botany of Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan (TASM), including geographical coordinates, descriptions of localities, substrates and habitats, date of collection, as well as the herbarium numbers, is provided. The history of macrofungi studies in Pamir-Alay is briefly described.

The wild nature monument “184-year-old oak tree in the village of Irinovka” (Leningrad region, Russia), better known in local history literature as “Irinovsky Oak”, was officially opened in 2013. It is represented by a separate pedunculate oak tree (Quercus robur), planted in 1829 and preserved in satisfactory condition at 194 years of age. This paper presents data from a survey of the shoot system of the tree investigated, carried out on August 4, 2022. A total of 12 fungal species were registered (Cladosporium herbarum, Colpoma quercinum, Coryneum depressum, Diatrypella quercina, Erysiphe alphitoides, Hyphoderma setigerum, Laetiporus sulphureus, Marchandiomyces co-rallinus, Peniophora quercina, Trichoderma viride, Sphaerulina quercicola, Vuilleminia comedens). The lichenicolous species Marchandiomyces corallinus was reported as new find to the Leningrad region. It was shown that the shoot system of the tree investigated is associated with a complex of Quercus robur-adapted and co-adapted species, among which such necrotrophs as Sphaerulina quercicola and Coryneum depressum, and pathogenic saprotroph as Vuilleminia comedens, as well as saprotrophs (Diatrypella quercina, Peniophora quercina) are dominated. This species complex ensures a continuous process of the crown self-thinning.