Modification of Steel and Alloys with Rare-Earth Elements. Part 1

Abstract

Physical and physicochemical properties are considered for rare-earth elements (metals) and their reaction with oxygen, sulfur, and nonferrous metal admixtures during steel production. Introduction of REMs in optimum amounts makes it possible to modify nonmetallic inclusions both in a liquid condition and during steel crystallization, to refine cast workpiece structure due to inoculation action, and to improve physicomechanical and operating properties of a broad range of steels and alloys. Melt stirring is necessary in order to improve steel purity with respect to nonmetallic inclusions during REM introduction and subsequent steel treatment.