Nanoparticle Concentration as an Important Parameter for Characterization of Dispersion and Its Applications in Biomedicine

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Abstract

Currently, there are problems to standardize methods for determining the concentration of nanoparticles and creation of etalon materials for calibrating measured concentrations. Accurate determination of nanoparticle concentration is necessary to assess the maximum dose of administered nanotherapeutics for diagnostics and therapy in vivo, to determine the order of reaction in enzymatic nanoreactors. In addition, this parameter determines biological effects, such as the formation of a protein corona on the outer surface of nanoparticles that precedes nanoparticles’ absorption and internalization in cells. This review discusses the most common methods for determining the concentration of nanoparticles based on direct visualization, using microscopy, light absorption or light scattering, direct counting of nanoparticles, and gravimetry. Results may differ from one method to the other. Thus, the use of a combination of several methods provides more reliable results. The advantages, disadvantages and ways to improve accuracy of results are also presented.

About the authors

T. N. Pashirova

Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420088, Kazan, Russia

Email: tatyana_pashirova@mail.ru
Россия, 420088, Казань, ул. Акад. Арбузова, 8

Z. M. Shaihutdinova

Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420088, Kazan, Russia

Email: tatyana_pashirova@mail.ru
Россия, 420088, Казань, ул. Акад. Арбузова, 8

E. B. Souto

UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal

Email: tatyana_pashirova@mail.ru
Portugal, 4050-313, Porto; Portugal, 4050-313, Porto

P. Masson

Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008, Kazan, Russia

Email: tatyana_pashirova@mail.ru
Россия, 420008, Казань, ул. Кремлевская, 18

V. F. Mironov

Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420088, Kazan, Russia

Author for correspondence.
Email: tatyana_pashirova@mail.ru
Россия, 420088, Казань, ул. Акад. Арбузова, 8

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