High Energy Chemistry
High Energy Chemistry is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes original articles, reviews, short communications, and letters to the editor on the following topics: photonics of molecular, supramolecular, polymer, and nanoscale systems; photochemistry; photobiology; radiation chemistry; plasma chemistry; nuclear chemistry; the chemistry of new atoms; and processes and materials for optical information systems. High Energy Chemistry has expanded its scope beyond translation and now publishes manuscripts originally submitted in English and translated works. The sources of content are indicated at the article level. The peer review policy of the journal is independent of the manuscript source, ensuring a fair and unbiased evaluation process for all submissions. As part of its aim to become an international publication, the journal welcomes submissions in English from researchers worldwide.
Peer review and editorial policy
The journal follows the Springer Nature Peer Review Policy, Process and Guidance, Springer Nature Journal Editors' Code of Conduct, and COPE's Ethical Guidelines for Peer-reviewers.
Approximately 3-5% of the manuscripts are rejected without review based on formal criteria as they do not comply with the submission guidelines. Each manuscript is assigned to one peer reviewer. The journal follows a single-blind reviewing procedure. The period from submission to the first decision is usually at most 24 days. The final decision on the acceptance of a manuscript for publication is made by the Editor-in-Chief or by the responsible editor.
If Editors, including the Editor-in-Chief, publish in the journal, they do not participate in the decision-making process for manuscripts where they are listed as co-authors.
Special issues published in the journal follow the same procedures as all other issues. If not stated otherwise, special issues are prepared by the members of the editorial board without guest editors.
Current Issue
Vol 53, No 6 (2019)
- Year: 2019
- Articles: 15
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/0018-1439/issue/view/9580
General Aspects
Graph-Theoretic Interpretation of Inverse Problems of Chemical Kinetics
Abstract
The subject of this study is the inverse problems of identifying the mechanisms of complex chemical reactions. A graph-theoretic method for determining the basis of the parametric functions of the kinetic parameters of mathematical models for complex catalytic reactions is proposed. Based on the developed algorithm, a program for analyzing the information content of a mathematical model of the mechanism of catalytic reactions has been implemented. The operation of the algorithm is illustrated by the reaction of isotopic exchange of protium for deuterium.
Transparent Hydrogel Electrodes as a New Class of Electrodes for High-Current Nanosecond Atmospheric-Pressure Discharges
Abstract
The use of hydrogel electrodes transparent to visible light for the generation of atmospheric-pressure spark discharges with a current amplitude to 400 A periodically following each other with a frequency of 250 Hz has been demonstrated for the first time. A technology for the saturation of polyacrylamide-based hydrogel electrodes with aqueous solutions of NaCl and CuSO4 is described. Video images of the discharges and craters formed on the surface of the electrodes are presented.
Photonics
Influence of Synthesis Conditions on the Lifetime of Excess Charge Carriers in Monograin Powders with Kesterite Structure
Abstract
By solid-phase synthesis, macrocrystalline Cu2 − δZn2 − xSnxS4 − ySey monograin powders have been prepared, the chemical composition of which was shown by XRD and Raman spectroscopy to be different in powder fractions of different sizes formed during the synthesis. The influence of synthesis conditions on the decay kinetics of photogenerated charge carriers in different fractions has been studied using the frequency–time-resolved microwave photoconductivity method. The characteristic photoresponse half-life, τ1/2, increased with increasing grain size. The smallest values of the lifetime were observed for the fraction with sizes of 50–70 μm (τ1/2 <5 ns), and the largest values were for the fraction with a grain size of 70–90 μm (τ1/2 ~ 12 ns).
Formation of Singlet Oxygen during Thermal Degradation of Hydrotrioxides of Triorganosilanes
Abstract
The yield of singlet oxygen (1O2) due to the degradation of triethylsilane, dimethylphenylsilane, triphenylsilane, and dimethyl(trimethylsiloxy)silane hydrotrioxides has been determined for the first time using the IR chemiluminescence technique. The most effective sources of singlet oxygen in this series are triphenylsilyl hydrotrioxide and dimethyl(trimethylsiloxy)silyl hydrotrioxide. The yield of 1O2 upon their degradation is 69 and 92%, respectively.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer in the System Eosin–Europium–Cucurbit[6–8]urils in Water
Abstract
Quenching of the eosin triplet state by europium(III) in water has been studied in the absence and in the presence of cucurbit[6–8]uril by means of phosphorescence and triplet–triplet absorption in a deoxygenated aqueous solution at room temperature. The quenching is due to photoinduced electron transfer from eosin to europium and to its complexes with cucurbit[6–8]urils. The value of the quenching rate constant of eosin phosphorescence by europium in the absence of cavitands is 1.9 × 106 L mol–1 s–1, whereas in the presence of CB6, CB7, and CB8, the values of the rate constant increase to 2.1, 2.2, and 2.6 × 106 L mol–1 s–1, respectively. Simultaneously with the decrease in the lifetime of the eosin molecule in the triplet state, an increase in the yield of the eosin semioxidized form was observed as a product of photoinduced electron transfer. It has been also shown that with an increase in the concentration of CB7 and CB8, the quenching rate constant increases two times. The difference in the values of the quenching rate constants may be due to the fact that europium, being as a quencher, is present in the form of complexes of different compositions with cucurbit[6–8]urils.
Changes of Spectral and Luminescent Properties of a Styryl Dye during Sol-Gel Synthesis of Silicate Hydrogel
Abstract
Triplet Energy Transfer from Polymethine Dimers in the Complexes with Cucurbit[8]urils
Abstract
Effect of cucurbit[8]uril on the efficiency of triplet–triplet energy transfer between the donor dimer and the acceptor monomer or dimer has been studied. The efficiency depends on the rate constant of quenching of donor delayed fluorescence by the triplet energy acceptor, on the lifetime of the donor triplet state in the absence of a quencher, and on the acceptor concentration. Triplet–triplet energy transfer between the 3,3'-diethylthiacarbocyanine dimer (donor) and indodicarbocyanine (acceptor) occurs with a rate constant of 1.5 × 108 L mol–1 s–1 . Replacing the indodicarbocyanine monomer by the thiadicarbocyanine dimer decreases the energy transfer rate constant by a factor of 4.5. In the case of the 3,3'-dimethylthiacarbocyanine dimer as a donor, the quantum yield of energy transfer to the indodicarbocyanine monomer decreases fourfold.
Radiation Chemistry
Changes in Performance Characteristics of Transformer Oil by the Action of Ionizing Radiation
Abstract
Changes in physicochemical parameters, such as resistivity, viscosity, and density, and the formation of gaseous products (Н2, СН4, С2Н4, С2Н6, С3Н8, С4Н10, С5Н12, and С6Н14) depending on the absorbed dose in the range of 29.7–237.6 kGy have been studied. It has been found that the chemical composition of transformer oil is changed by γ-irradiation and this change is accompanied by changes in the resistivity, viscosity, and density of the oil. The degree of conversion depends on the absorbed dose and increases with it. The IR spectra exhibit =С–Н stretching vibrations, –С=С in-plane bending vibrations, and –СН out-of-plane bending vibrations in aromatic compounds. In addition, –С–Н stretching vibrations and–С–СН3 bending vibrations (antisymmetric and symmetric) in alkanes are observed. The IR absorption spectra have been observed in the ranges of \({\Delta }{{\lambda }_{1}} = 2800 - 3300\,{\text{c}}{{{\text{m}}}^{{ - 1}}},\)\({\Delta }{{\lambda }_{2}} = 2000~\,{\text{c}}{{{\text{m}}}^{{ - 1}}},\)\({\Delta }{{\lambda }_{3}} = 1350 - 1450\,\,{\text{c}}{{{\text{m}}}^{{ - 1}}}\), and \({\Delta }{{\lambda }_{4}} = 600 - 1200~\,\,{\text{c}}{{{\text{m}}}^{{ - 1}}}.\) The absorption band at \({\Delta }{{\lambda }_{4}} = 600 - 1200~\,{\text{c}}{{{\text{m}}}^{{ - 1}}}\) is a diffuse part of the spectrum, which includes a number of weak absorption bands.
Infrared Laser Ablation of Gamma-Irradiated Polyamide-6
Abstract
Irradiation of polyamide-6 (PA) with γ-rays reduces its resistance to subsequent IR laser radiation. The average rate of laser ablation of PA, preliminarily irradiated with γ-rays at a dose above ~300 kGy, is almost dose-invariant and is 30% higher than that of the initial unirradiated polymer. The pattern of the dose dependence of the laser ablation rate for the samples pre-irradiated with a dose of 3.24 MGy at a dose rate of 4.2 Gy/s is mixed in character, varying from the shape characteristic of the initial polymer at the initial stage to the shape typical of the maximum radiation dose in the stationary laser ablation mode. One of the products of PA laser ablation is a dispersed polymer, consisting of nano- to micrometer-sized particles, the size range of these particles shifting toward smaller values with an increase in the γ radiation dose, a trend that is explained by a decrease in melt viscosity.
Radiolysis of Motor Fuels
Abstract
Samples of AI-92 and AI-95 gasoline from Azerbaijani oils have been used as test materials. Laboratory studies have been carried out on a 60Co γ-radiation source at a dose rate of P = 0.18 Gy/s at room temperature and various absorbed doses D = 15–150 kGy. The effect of ionizing radiation on the structural-group composition of gasoline under static conditions has been examined using a standard procedure before and after irradiation. The results of these studies make it possible to evaluate the radiation resistance of fuels and to determine the effect of irradiation on the overall composition of fuels and possible changes in the quality of fuels.
Radiation-Induced Transformations of Tryptophan and Its Derivatives in Oxygenated Ethanol
Abstract
The interaction of tryptophan, tryptamine, and 3-indolepropionic acid with peroxyl radicals formed during the radiolysis of oxygen-saturated ethanol has been studied using steady-state radiolysis. It has been found that 3-indolepropionic acid has a low reactivity toward peroxyl radicals. At the same time, both tryptamine and, to a lesser extent, tryptophan inhibit the radiation-induced processes of ethanol oxidation due to electron transfer from the lone pair of the amino group to oxygen-centered radicals. The tryptophan and tryptamine radical cations formed in these reactions are predominantly regenerated to the parent compounds upon interaction with \({\text{O}}_{2}^{{\bullet - }}\) and \({\text{HO}}_{2}^{\bullet },\) as evidenced by the low radiation-chemical yields of decomposition of the test compounds.
Plasma Chemistry
Effect of the Volumetric Flow Rate of Reaction Mixture Components on Nonoxidative Reforming of Methane with Admixed Water in Dielectric-Barrier Discharge
Abstract
The effect of the volumetric flow rate of reaction mixture components on the nonoxidative reforming of methane with admixed water in dielectric-barrier discharge has been studied. An increase in the volumetric flow rate of water from 1.3 to 6 cm3/h did not exert a noticeable effect on the conversion of methane and on the concentrations of hydrogen and ethane in gaseous reaction products. An increase in the concentration of propane and butanes was observed, whereas the total ethylene and propylene content of the products decreased. An increase in the volumetric flow rate of methane from 5 to 60 cm3/min led to a decrease in the conversion of methane from 29.3 to 6.2 vol % and a decrease in energy consumption for its reforming from 88.3 to 34.7 eV/molecule, and it was also accompanied by a decrease in the rate of formation of gaseous alkanes and olefins. The experimental data confirmed previous conclusions on the reaction mechanism and kinetics of the nonoxidative reforming of methane in dielectric-barrier discharge, which were made using a mathematical model.
Effect of Gas Dynamic Conditions in Plasma Reactor on Efficiency of Boron and Silicon Synthesis in Inductively Coupled Argon–Hydrogen Plasma
Abstract
A thermal/gas dynamic model of the plasma-assisted method for producing boron and silicon carbides is proposed. The turbulent flow of a mixture of ideal viscous compressible gases is considered taking into account inductive heating and the influence of the electromagnetic field strength on the plasma motion. The composition of the conversion products is determined in accordance with the results of thermodynamic calculations, while taking into account the influence of the main synthesis products on the temperature field and gas dynamic flow in the reactor. The distribution of powder particles of the desired synthesis products in the stream is described by the diffusion mechanism. The possibilities of synthesis of boron and silicon carbides from their fluorides in a radiofrequency induction plasma torch with vortex flow stabilization have been explored.