Formation of oceanic crust within the Andrew Bain fault zone of the Southwest Indian ridge (Petrological and geochemical data)

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Abstract

A petrogeochemical study of basalts (lithophile elements and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes, compositions of liquidus olivine and spinel) from the transition zone of the Southwest Indian Ridge in the area of the Du Toit and Andrew Bain faults revealed significant differences in their composition. Within the rift valley adjacent to the faults, tholeiites enriched in Na and depleted in Fe (Na-TOR genetic type) are typical. Deep-type basalts (TOR-1) are present in the western side of the Andrew Bain Fault. The outpouring of these types of magmas reflects a possible change in geodynamic regime during this zone formation: from deeper and higher temperature melting to shallower ones (Sushchevskaya et al., 2022).

Differences in the primary melts of tholeiites from the rift valley and the Andrew Bain Transform Fault are also traced in the liquidus olivine compositions. The rift valley olivines are similar to typical Na-TOR olivines with a Mg content of Fo88–87, low Ni and elevated Mn. On the contrary, tholeiite olivines of the Andrew Bain Fault are enriched in Ni and depleted in Mn, which may indicate pyroxenite included in the primary melt formation. This component is either oceanic lithosphere recycled through the deep mantle or fragments of previously formed oceanic crust, which are subsequently involved in melting during the spreading axes jumping. A similar process is typical for the region of the Bouvet Triple Junction, where a significant heterogeneity of the olivine composition in terms of trace-element contents was revealed.

The isotope characteristics of the Andrew Bain Fault tholeiites differ in Pb and Sr radiogenic composition and are similar to those of enriched magmas from such Indian Ocean rises as Crozet, Marion and Bouvet, but not from the Konrad and Af. Nikitin Rises. The source of such tholeiite melts is close in composition to the model HIMU type (with high U/Pb), possibly with an admixture of mantle material with EMII characteristics (with elevated Rb/Sr).

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About the authors

N. M. Sushchevskya

Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry (GEOKHI), Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: nadyas@geokhi.ru
Russian Federation, Kosigina, 19, Moscow, 119991

V. D. Scherbakov

Moscow State University

Email: nadyas@geokhi.ru

Museum of Natural History

Russian Federation, Leninskie gori, 1, Moscow, 119991

A. A. Peive

Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: apeyve@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Pizhevski, 7 , Moscow, 119991

E. P. Dubinin

Moscow State University

Email: edubinin08@rambler.ru

Museum of Natural History

Russian Federation, Leninskie gori, 1, Moscow

B. V. Belyatsky

Karpinsky All-Russia Research Geological Institute (VSEGEI)

Email: bbelyatsky@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Sredniy pr. 74, St. Petersburg, 199106

A. V. Zhilkina

Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry (GEOKHI), Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: nadyas@geokhi.ru
Russian Federation, Kosigina, 19, Moscow, 119991

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2. Fig. 1. The location of dredging stations ( stars) of the 23rd flight of the NIS Academician Nikolay Strakhov within the Southwestern Indian Ridge, from which slightly modified basalts and dolerites were studied.

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3. Fig. 2. The content of the main elements in basalts and dolerites of the Andrew Bain fault zone area. (a-d) – Correlation dependences of Al, K, Si, Ti on MdO; (e) – Na8-Fe8 parameters showing the differences of these elements in the initial melts, depending on the depth and degree of melting of the oceanic mantle (Klein, Langmuir, 1987, 1989). The compositions of basalts of others S2317, 18 (squares) clearly related to the small- scale type of Na-TOR tholeites are highlighted by the field (Sushchevskaya et al., 2002). The rhombus marks the composition of the primary Na-TOR melt according to (Sushchevskaya et al., 2002). The data from the table are used. 1 and works (Peivet et al., 2017).

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4. Fig. 3. Changes in the content of Ni, Cr and Mn in olivine inclusions of the Andrew Bain fault zone. Correlations of concentrations of Ni, Cr, and Mn and the magnesia of olivine (Fo) in various oceanic provinces (a, b, c). (d) - Change in values of 100×Mn/Fe Ni/(Mg/Fe)/1000, showing compositions of olivines in equilibrium with peridotite and pyroxenite the mantle (Sobolev et al., 2007).

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5. Fig. 4. Variations of Al, Cr (a, b) in spinel inclusions and calculated T °C crystallization by (Coogan et al., 2014) – (in).

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6. Fig. 5. The nature of variations of the lithophilic element contents normalized to the primitive mantle (Sun, McDonough, 1989) in the basalts of the Andrew Bayne area (a) and the adjacent YUZIH area (b). Constructed according to Table. 1 and works (Janney et al., 2005).

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7. Fig. 6. Variations of the Gd/Yb ratio in the toleites of the zone Andrew Bain (a) and YUZIH from the TSB area to 50° VD (b). Data from Table were used. 1 and works (Janney et al., 2005; Migdisova et al., 2017).

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8. Fig. 7. Comparative characteristics of isotope ratios 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, 208Pb/204Pb 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd magmas of the Andrew Bayne area, underwater uplifts and islands of the Indian Ocean – Bouvet, Afanasia Nikitina, Konrad, Crozet, Marion. The data published in the works (Borisova et al., 1996; Borisova et al., 2001; Breton et al., 2013; Su- Shchevskaya et al., 2013) were used. The data are adjusted to the initial values for the age of the outpouring. Enriched model (EM I, EM II, HIMU) and (DM) depleted software sources (Armienti, Longo, 2011). It was constructed using data from Table 3 and works (Sobolev et al., 2007; Migdisova et al., 2017).

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9. Fig. 8. The distribution area of the African plume within the Southern Ocean according to transverse wave velocity data (Jacques et al., 2019).

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