Клеточные и эпигенетические аспекты программирования тренированного иммунитета и перспективы создания универсальных вакцин в преддверии учащающихся пандемий
- Авторы: Алексеенко И.В.1,2, Василов Р.Г.1, Кондратьева Л.Г.1,2, Костров С.В.1, Чернов И.П.2, Свердлов Е.Д.1
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Учреждения:
- Национальный исследовательский центр Курчатовский институт,
- Институт биоорганической химии им. академиков М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова Российской академии наук
- Выпуск: Том 59, № 9 (2023)
- Страницы: 981-1001
- Раздел: ОБЗОРНЫЕ И ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ СТАТЬИ
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/0016-6758/article/view/134642
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.31857/S0016675823090023
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/WROKEZ
- ID: 134642
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Аннотация
Неизбежность вспышек пандемических болезней вызывает острую необходимость чрезвычайных мер, направленных на создание эффективных технологий снижения их вреда для человеческой популяции в промежуток времени от появления эпидемии до разработки соответствующих вакцин и организации их производства. В данном обзоре мы обсуждаем возможность создания универсальных вакцин, которые, используя неспецифический антипатогенный потенциал врожденного иммунитета, позволяли бы при появлении неидентифицированного патогена вакцинировать популяцию, в которой произошла вспышка болезни, и снижать ее остроту до появления специфических к данному патогену вакцин. В целом имеются убедительные доказательства того, что живые бактериальные или вирусные вакцины, например, от туберкулеза (БЦЖ), кори и полиомиелита, оказывают гетерологичное защитное воздействие против неродственных патогенов. Это связано со способностью врожденной иммунной системы хранить память о прошлых инфекциях и использовать ее для выработки иммунной защиты против новых. Этот эффект получил название “обученного” или “тренированного” иммунитета. Использование тренированного иммунитета также может представлять собой важный новый подход к улучшению существующих вакцин или к разработке новых вакцин, которые сочетают в себе индукцию классической адаптивной иммунной памяти и врожденной иммунной памяти. Такие подходы могут быть усилены с помощью генетических технологий и могут оказаться чрезвычайно полезными в борьбе с будущими пандемиями.
Ключевые слова
Об авторах
И. В. Алексеенко
Национальный исследовательский центр Курчатовский институт,; Институт биоорганической химии им. академиков М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова Российской академии наук
Email: edsverd@gmail.com
Россия, 123182, Москва; Россия, 117997, Москва
Р. Г. Василов
Национальный исследовательский центр Курчатовский институт,
Email: edsverd@gmail.com
Россия, 123182, Москва
Л. Г. Кондратьева
Национальный исследовательский центр Курчатовский институт,; Институт биоорганической химии им. академиков М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова Российской академии наук
Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: liakondratyeva@yandex.ru
Россия, 123182, Москва; Россия, 117997, Москва
С. В. Костров
Национальный исследовательский центр Курчатовский институт,
Email: edsverd@gmail.com
Россия, 123182, Москва
И. П. Чернов
Институт биоорганической химии им. академиков М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова Российской академии наук
Email: edsverd@gmail.com
Россия, 117997, Москва
Е. Д. Свердлов
Национальный исследовательский центр Курчатовский институт,
Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: edsverd@gmail.com
Россия, 123182, Москва
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