Возрастные и адаптивные изменения показателей про-/антиоксидантного метаболизма и дыхания листьев зимне-зеленого травянистого растения Ajuga reptans L. в природных условиях таежной зоны

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Abstract

Онтогенетическое развитие и условия среды являются основными факторами, определяющими жизнедеятельность растений. Исследовали активность антиоксидантных ферментов и дыхательных путей в розеточных листьях летне-зимне-зеленого травянистого многолетника Ajuga reptans L. (живучка ползучая) в связи с возрастом и перезимовкой. Сформированные в мае–июне листья перезимовывали и вновь функционировали вплоть до появления новой генерации листьев. Содержание продуктов липопероксидации и пероксида водорода в листьях перезимовавших растений было достоверно выше, чем до перезимовки. Активность антиоксидантных ферментов изменялась разнонаправлено. Повышенный уровень активности аскорбатпероксидазы (APX) отмечали сразу после выхода растений из-под снега, каталазы (CAT) – до и в период перезимовки, супероксиддисмутазы (SOD) – до, в период и сразу после перезимовки. На нативных гелях идентифицировали Mn-SOD, Fe-SOD и три изоформы Cu/Zn-SOD, две изоформы APX и одну – CAT. Скорость дыхания, измеренная при 20°С, была максимальной у молодых растущих листьев и снижалась в 3–4 раза к завершению жизненного цикла. Величина соотношения способности цитохромного и альтернативного дыхательных путей изменялась в пределах от 3 до 1 и менее. Коэффициент энергетической эффективности дыхания (YАТФ/глюкоза, количество молей АТФ, образующихся при окислении в дыхании 1 моля глюкозы) варьировал в пределах от 17 до 25, снижаясь в период перезимовки и на завершающих этапах онтогенеза. Результаты анализа главных компонент свидетельствуют о взаимосвязи исследованных показателей и вовлеченности закономерных изменений про-/антиоксидантного метаболизма и дыхания в процесс адаптации растений, зимующих с зелеными листьями. В совокупности полученные данные дополняют и углубляют представления о физиологических механизмах, способствующих перезимовке и сохранению фотосинтетического аппарата.

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М. А. Шелякин

Институт биологии Коми научного центра Уральского отделения­ Российской академии наук

Author for correspondence.
Email: shelyakin@ib.komisc.ru
Russian Federation, Сыктывкар

Е. В. Силина

Институт биологии Коми научного центра Уральского отделения­ Российской академии наук

Email: shelyakin@ib.komisc.ru
Russian Federation, Сыктывкар

К. Т. Головко

Институт биологии Коми научного центра Уральского отделения­ Российской академии наук

Email: shelyakin@ib.komisc.ru
Russian Federation, Сыктывкар

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2. Fig. 1. Protein profiles of superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoforms (a), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) (b), catalase (CAT) (c) (left) and their relative activity (right) during different periods of the leaf life cycle of Ajuga reptans. For SOD, the numbers are marked: 1 – Mn-containing isoforms (■), 2 – Fe-containing isoforms (→), 3-5 – Cu/Zn-containing isoforms (■). For APX, the numbers 1 and 2 indicate the isoforms APX-1 (?) and APX-2 (?), respectively. The "*” symbol marks the data for overwintered leaves. The arithmetic averages of the relative activity of isoforms and their standard errors are presented. Different Latin letters of the columns indicate the statistical significance of differences between the activity of enzyme isoforms in different periods of the leaf life cycle (Kraskel-Wallis criterion, P ≤ 0.05, n = 3-9).

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3. Fig. 2. The contribution of the respiratory tract to the total uptake of O2 by Ajuga reptans leaves in different periods of their life cycle: 1 – cytochrome respiration (■); 2 – alternative respiration (■); 3 – residual respiration (□). The symbol “*” indicates data for overwintered leaves. Arithmetic averages and their standard errors are presented. Statistically significant differences in the studied indicator during the life cycle are indicated in different Latin letters (ANOVA, Duncan's criterion, n = 5-10, P ≤ 0.05).

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4. Fig. 3. The relationship of pro-/antioxidant metabolism and respiration in Ajuga reptans leaves during their life cycle: TBARS – the content of lipid peroxidation products; SOD, APX, CAT – the activity of superoxide dismutase, axorbate peroxidase and catalase, respectively; Vcyt and Valt – the ability of cytochrome and alternative respiratory tract. A solid line combines interrelated indicators that contribute the main load to component 1 (PC 1) and/or component 2 (PC2). The results were obtained using principal component analysis. The distribution of indicators between the two components (axes) is justified by a high proportion of the total variance of variables (73.3%), which they describe.

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5. Fig. 4. Changes in the energy efficiency of respiration (mole of ATP/mole of glucose) of Ajuga reptans leaves during their life cycle. The "*” symbol marks the data for overwintered leaves. Arithmetic averages and their standard errors are presented. Statistically significant differences in the studied indicator during the year are indicated in different Latin letters (ANOVA, Duncan's criterion, n = 5-10, P ≤ 0.05).

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