卷 489, 编号 1 (2019)

The attack of the thiol sulfur atom (P–SMe) on the methine carbon as the main route of the new reaction of dichloromethylarenes with S-methyl diethylthiophosphinate has been predicted and experimentally confirmed on the basis of the electronic structure of the S-alkyl esters of P(IV) acids. The processes of the mono- and di(dechloromethylthioylation) of dichloromethyl group have been realized. A new approach to the synthesis of the arenecarbaldehyde dimethyl dithioacetals has been developed avoiding the use of gaseous highly toxic methyl mercaptan.

An original method for the synthesis of copper-containing nanosystems for biomedical applications using hydrazine hydrate as a reducing agent was developed. The process involves intermediate formation of the [Cu(NH₃)₄]²⁺ complex ion, which ensures the formation of Cu⁰ nanoparticles without oxide impurity. The 2-deoxy-2-methacrylamido-D-glucose copolymer with 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate or bovine serum albumin was used as a macromolecular hydrophilic stabilizer. The spectral and structure-morphological characteristics of the nanosystems were studied. This stabilization resulted in an almost unimodal distribution of zerovalent copper nanoparticles in aqueous solutions due to their rather good shielding by macromolecules.

A composite of alumina nanofibers (ANF) and modified detonation nanodiamonds (MDND) was produced by mixing aqueous suspensions of the components in a weight ratio of 5 : 1 with subsequent incubation of the mixture for 15 min at 32°C. It was assumed that the formation of the composite is ensured by the difference of the zeta potentials of the components, which is negative for MDND and positive for ANF. Vacuum filtration of the mixture through a fluoroplastic filter (pore diameter 0.6 μm) formed disks 40 mm in diameter, which were then heat-treated at 300°C to impart structural stability to the composite. Scanning electron microscopy detected that the obtained composite has a network structure, in which MDND particles are distributed over the surface of ANF. It was determined that the MDND particles incorporated in the composite catalyze the phenol–4-aminoantipyrine–H₂O₂ oxidative azo coupling reaction to form a colored product (quinoneimine). The applicability of the composite to repeated phenol detection in aqueous samples was demonstrated.

β \( \rightleftarrows \) α transformations in a thin ~4 µm foil of the PdCu solid solution have been studied by X-ray powder diffraction and measurement of electrical resistance in heating–cooling cycles during heat treatment or rapid photon treatment by radiation of high-power pulsed xenon lamps. It has been found that a single rapid photon treatment for 0.3 s (the radiation energy dose delivered to the sample is 10 J cm^–2) leads to a complete disordering of the solid solution at a rate 400 times higher than in that achieved under heat treatment conditions (heating rate of 15 K min^–1).