Vol 55, No 5-6 (2019)

Some information is provided on industrial use of butane. Methods of its separation from gas mixtures are discussed. A new design of a device for adsorptive separation of gases is proposed. A notable difference of the design of the proposed adsorber from the existing designs is inclusion of a device for generating vibrations in the bulk of the loaded adsorbent, which reduces the loading density in the lower section of the adsorber. This technical solution helps improve the quality of butane separation from butane fraction and separate effectively other gas mixtures as well.

Some patterns of influence of the packing type on hydraulic resistance of a contact device are shown on the example of a number of industrial, regular, structured and bulk packing materials.

The article proposes an adsorption technology for the treatment of salt wastewater and concentrate of reverse osmosis plants to remove sulfates and chlorides by multi-tonnage waste from the energy industry — chemical water treatment sludge formed at the wastewater pre-treatment stage. Curves of adsorption of sulfate and chloride ions by granular sorption material in dynamic conditions were obtained. According to the Shilov equation, the time and coefficient of protective action of the loading layer during adsorption purification from sulfate and chloride ions under dynamic conditions were calculated. The basic technological scheme of the pilot wastewater treatment plant and reverse osmosis concentrates of the plant at PJSC Nizhnekamskneftekhim is proposed. The economic benefit and prevented environmental damages implemented using this technology are calculated.

Efficient cooling of heat-generating equipment components is a crucial problem for many industrial sectors. This problem is traditionally solved by using liquid sprayers with low cooling efficiency (because of drop recoil). Electric sprayers were proposed for implementation into industry to avoid recoil of fragmented charged drops because of electrical attraction that provided a dense precipitate of drops on a heated conducting surface and further efficient cooling due to liquid evaporation. Fundamental physical laws are used to formulate a mathematical model (in analytical form) and to obtain a practically useful solution to the fragmentation of a test drop by inertial, electric-field, and surface-tension forces. Results of numerical and graphical simulation of this process are given.

The influence of the location of inlet nozzles for a secondary liquid stream on the flow structure in the working volume of ejection mixers used to produce water-in-oil emulsions was studied using numerical methods. The parameters and physical properties of a working medium corresponding to those of process oil supplied to industrial electrical desalting plants were calculated using the SST k –ω turbulence model. The ergonomics of the developed apparatuses could be preliminarily evaluated by using numerical methods to analyze the distribution of velocity and pressure fields in the working volume. An even number of inlet pipes for the secondary reagent that were located opposite each other improved the mixing conditions in the mixers and used the energy of the primary stream to produce turbulence and disperse secondary-reagent streams.

This article presents the results of studies of the influence of leaks in the working chamber of long-stroke ultra-low-speed units on its working process. The leakages of the working chamber are determined by the value of the conditional clearance in the valves and the cylinder-piston seal. The paper confirms the significant influence of the values of conditional clearances on the integral characteristics of ultra-low-speed long-stroke stages of piston compressor units and estimates the share of the influence of leaks through valves and piston seals on the total volume of leaks.

A method for controlling a shale-shaker electrical drive system that enables trajectory changes of the shaker frame to be minimized is described. The control method is based on using a self-synchronization effect. The trajectories of the shaker frame are determined indirectly by the phase shift angles of the unbalanced rotation. The phase shift angle of unbalanced vibration exciter rotation was controlled by changing the effective phase stresses. The proposed control method could significantly expand the technological capabilities of drilling shale shakers.

A flat-chamber type of electrobaromembrane separation equipment is designed. A method is developed to calculate the effective separation area of the equipment that enables determination of the total performing area of the membranes for separating solutions and the usable area of cathode- and anode-adjoining membranes.

The article presents the classification of the gas stream contaminant types in noble gas enrichment and purification units. For the safe and efficient system operation, it is necessary to choose the right method of multicomponent mixture separation and the optimal corresponding equipment operating parameters, also to offer a method to verify the absence of the undesirable contaminant in the gas stream. The methods to control the obtaining of required noble gas purity during cryogenic rectification are indicated. Application of various gas analysis methods is necessary to obtain high purity (up to 99.9999%) gases: gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and their combination. The effect of the state of various components of a gas chromatograph on the analysis result are discussed. Recommendations are provided for noble gas analysis methodology, including the conditions for the determination of trace impurities. The article presents examples of practical application of gas chromatography to control the processes of noble gas enrichment and purification, using the example of production of pure xenon.

A generalized approach to the analysis of feed unevenness in positive displacement pumps is considered. A procedure for calculating the working processes in chambers of constant or variable volume in a discharge line as well as a nonstationary one-dimensional gas flow in a discharge pipe is developed. Boundary conditions are defined. Nonstationary one-dimensional flow is calculated by the method of “characteristics.” By means of a numerical experiment, variations in the pressure in the working chambers and along the length of the pipe as a function of the turning angle of the shaft are established. On the basis of pressure fluctuation in a discharge pipe, it is proved that the feed unevenness significantly exceeds the magnitude of the feed unevenness determined when the pressure fluctuation is not taken into account.

The airtightness of a detachable joint depends on the load on its sealing surfaces and is determined by the magnitude of the leakage of the sealing medium or its viscosity, where the value of the latter depends on temperature. When a gas is heated, leakage decreases, while when a liquid is heated, leakage increases. An analysis of the influence of temperature on the airtightness of detachable joints is presented and recommendations are given for reducing this effect.

An analysis of the potential for the use of modern computer technologies in the study of the hydrodynamics in the workspace of devices by means of numerical methods using the Salome–Meca numerical simulation preprocessor for model creation, the Code–Saturne processor for calculation of hydrodynamic models, and the Paraview post-processor for display and analysis of the results is presented. The range of applicability of laminar, k−ε, and k−ω SST turbulent models of fluid flow for simulation of the hydrodynamics of an incompressible fluid in the workspace of a test model with different Reynolds numbers is revealed based on a comparison of the present results with results of analytical calculations. Use of the k−ω SST turbulence model for simulation of the workspace of mixers with internal diameter from 50 to 200 mm in the range of Reynolds numbers from 7 · 10³ to 2 · 10⁶ with number of grid cells greater than 2 · 10⁵ is recommended.

A method of non-destructive testing for evaluation of the state of the material of metallic articles in the course of service is described. The method is based on control of plastic hardness.

A new adsorbent for removing hazardous components from gaseous combustion products and air was developed. Experimental data for purification of flue gases from nitrogen oxides using the new adsorbent, granulated blast-furnace slag, and technical solutions based on it for purification of flue gases of autonomous and central heating plants, outdoor air conditioners, and air purifiers are presented.

The affiliation for the authors is incorrect. The affiliation should read

The Siberian Federal University, Institute of Oil and Gas, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.