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Vol 108, No 7 (2023)
СООБЩЕНИЯ
CHRYSOPHYCEAN STOMATOCYSTS (CHRYSOPHYTA) IN THE RESERVOIRS OF THE BUZULUKSKII BOR NATIONAL PARK (SOUTHEASTERN EUROPEAN PART OF RUSSIA)
Abstract
The data on the diversity of the stomatocysts of Chrysophyta in the reservoirs of the Buzulukskii Bor National Park are presented. The Buzulukskii Bor is located in the Orenburg and Samara Regions, southeastern European part of Russia). Ten morphotypes of the stomatocysts were identified. Among them, the stomatocyst 67, Van de Vijver et Beyens, 2000 was registered in Russia for the first time and for the third time in the world. The second locality in the world was recorded for the stomatocyst 271, Gilbert et Smolin Gilbert et al., 1997; its first find was also registered in Russia. Descriptions, electron microscopical micrographs and data on localities are provided for all revealed stomatocysts. The results complement the data on the ecology, distribution and diversity of Chrysophyta in Russia.
617-627
CHAROPHYTES (CHARALES, CHARACEAE) OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN (SOUTH URAL)
Abstract
Eleven species of charophytes from three genera, Chara, Nitella and Nitellopsis, were found in the Republic Bashkortostan according to herbarium collections and field studies covering the years 1915–2016, among them one newly recorded genus Nitellopsis and four new records of species, namely Chara contraria, C. papillosa, C. subspinosa, and Nitella obtusa. These data allowed re-assessment of few records known from published sources. Biotope and ecoregion preferences of the species were outlined. Most species have been known from the region of study for a long time. Hard water lakes and, especially, water bodies of rich minerotrophic fens are most important regional habitats of charophytes. Some populations of stenobiont species seem to be stable despite significant human transformation of Bashkortostan natural environment. A tentative Red List of charophytes of the Republic of Bashkortostan was suggested.
628-640
MOSSES OF FOREST SWAMPS IN THE SOUTHERN WEST SIBERIA
Abstract
Long-term bryological research in birch and spruce forest swamps in the southern periphery of West Siberia are resulted in summary list of 133 moss species. Constancy and ecological features are given for all the species; some examples are discussed. It is shown that birch and spruce forest swamps (background and rare types of communities for the study area), are approximately equal in the diversity of moss species, and 60% of the recorded species were found in both types of communities. On the latitudinal gradient from north to south, the number of moss species in the forest swamps of the southern taiga and subtaiga is approximately equal, further south it decreases and in the steppe zone it is reduced by more than half, to the set of 43 most widespread and constant species. It was revealed that in forest swamp communities only a few moss species have high occurrence rates (Plagiomnium ellipticum, Сlimacium dendroides, Calliergon cordifolium, Calliergonella cuspidata, Drepanocladus aduncus in depressions and Brachythecium mildeanum, Aulacomnium palustre, Dicranum bonjeanii, Timmia megapolitana, Campylium stellatum and some others on elevated micro-sites); the vast majority of species are rare. A well-developed microrelief determines the diversity of micro-habitats, to ensure the coexistence of species of different ecology and origin. More than half of the recorded species are indifferent to mires and random. The most interesting findings (Anomodon viticulosus, Anomodontella longifolia, Brachythecium rutabulum, Conardia compacta, Fissidens adianthoides, Myurella julacea, Platydictya jungermannioides, Zygodon sibiricus) are discussed. In densely populated areas, forest swamps are islands of natural vegetation and ensure the survival of many species.
641-655
DEVELOPMENT OF FLOATING KARST MIRES IN THE NORTH-EASTERN PART OF THE MIDDLE RUSSIAN UPLAND, AND CARBON ACCUMULATION IN PEAT DEPOSITS
Abstract
The floating karst mires are unique natural ecosystems of the Middle Russian Upland, since they are habitats of rare species and communities in the region with low paludification (0.5%), and also participate in the deposition of atmospheric carbon. The study of the genesis of the floating karst mires will allow to develop approaches to their conservation. The purpose of this work is to identify the features of development and to estimate the intensity of carbon accumulation in the peat deposits of the floating mires of the Middle Russian Upland. The objects of the study were the mires Glavnoe and Kochaki-1, located in the north-eastern part of the Middle Russian Upland. To identify the genesis of the mires, the peat deposits were drilled and the botanical composition of peat was studied. The carbon content (%) was determined in peat samples and the rate of carbon accumulation by mire paleocenoses was calculated. The conducted studies have revealed different types of paludification in karst depressions, accompanied by the formation of a float, depending on a hydrological regime. It is shown that the most active vertical growth of peat deposits occurs in conditions of high moisture content of mire biotopes. This contributes to the maximum accumulation of atmospheric carbon by mire paleocommunities (up to 79.3–125 gC/m2/year). The highest carbon deposition rates are characteristic of the sphagnum and herb-sphagnum paleocenoses (up to 151–305 gC/m2/year) formed on the floats in the second half of the Subatlantic Holocene period. The results obtained indicate the diversity of the genesis of the floating mires and characterize these ecosystems as a “depot” of atmospheric carbon.
656-669
GROWING CONDITIONS AND SEED PRODUCTIVITY OF PINGUICULA VULGARIS (LENTIBULARIACEAE) IN LENINGRAD REGION
Abstract
The growing conditions of Pinguicula vulgaris in the vicinity of the villages Pudost’ (floodplain meadow) and Glyadino (slope meadow, lowland spring fen) in the Leningrad Region were studied in detail, and the seed productivity of its plants was evaluated in these conditions for the first time. Despite a close geographical location and a general confinedness of both populations to the Izhora Upland (to the outcrops of carbonate rocks), they differ in an occupied area and its microtopography, the degree of shading of plants during daylight, and soil moisture (though of similar acidity), and also differ in the species composition of plant communities (richer in Pudost’ than in Glyadino). At the same time, regardless of the differences in growing conditions, the level of seed-setting in P. vulgaris plants in both populations during all the years of research was close and quite high (64–80% in Pudost’, 70–72% in Glyadino), that indicates a high potential for the renewal of the species in the populations by seed propagation. It is noted that the main factors limiting the size of Pinguicula populations in the Leningrad Region are the same as in its other populations of Northern Europe: intense settlement of territories by the species forming a layer with high closeness and height, trampling of soils, unfavorable weather conditions during flowering and fruiting of the plants significantly reducing their seed productivity. However, unlike some subarctic populations of P. vulgaris, where a decrease of seed productivity occurs due to low temperatures at the end of a short growing season and irregular reproduction (especially at the species moving into mountain conditions), in populations of the Leningrad Region (with a longer growing season and regular reproduction), it decreased mainly due to a long dry periods during flowering and fruiting of the plants.
670-689
ЗНАЧЕНИЕ СОГЛАСОВАННОСТИ ПРИЗНАКОВ КСИЛЕМЫ СТВОЛА И ПАРАМЕТРОВ ГАЗООБМЕНА ЛИСТА ПРИ ФОРМИРОВАНИИ АДАПТАЦИИ У НЕКОТОРЫХ БОРЕАЛЬНЫХ ВИДОВ В КАРЕЛИИ
Abstract
Оценка устойчивости лесных сообществ и отдельных видов к внешним воздействиям требует проведения исследований возможных ответных реакций видов, сообществ и экосистем в разных регионах на прогнозируемые изменения природной среды и климата. Целью исследования было оценить изменчивость анатомических и гидравлических характеристик ксилемы и их согласованность с показателями СО2/Н2О-газообмена у голосеменного и покрытосеменных древесных растений в ходе естественного лесовосстановления на вырубке сосняка черничного в условиях Европейского Севера. Для этого провели анализ влияния фитоценотических условий и климатических факторов на структурно-функциональные характеристики подроста сосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris L.), березы повислой (Betula pendula Roth) и осины (Populus tremula L.) на сплошной вырубке и под пологом сосняка черничного в течение четырех вегетационных периодов в условиях среднетаежной подзоны Карелии. Выявлена преимущественно схожая направленность реакций анатомических и гидравлических характеристик ксилемы и показателей СО2/Н2О-газообмена листа разных видов на изменение фитоценотических условий и климатических факторов. На вырубке как у сосны, так и у листопадных видов отмечены максимальные значения гидравлического диаметра трахеид и сосудов, потенциальной гидравлической проводимости ксилемы и, напротив, минимальные значения удельной плотности трахеид и сосудов. В межгодовой динамике климатических факторов у всех видов выявлена максимальная изменчивость годичных приростов по сравнению с большей консервативностью других характеристик ксилемы. Вместе с тем показаны межвидовые особенности согласованности гидравлических характеристик ксилемы, устьичной проводимости, интенсивности фотосинтеза и транспирации и их изменчивость у систематически разных видов, которые указывают на разные стратегии гидравлического поведения (isohydric/anisohydric) у березы, осины и сосны. Прогнозируемое увеличение повторяемости периодов сильной жары и засухи в высоких широтах усилит конкурентоспособность сосны и осины, формирующих более эффективную и безопасную гидравлическую структуру относительно березы, посредством роста СО2-газообмена и продуктивности в засушливых условиях.
690-708
ЮБИЛЕИ И ДАТЫ
HYDROBOTANIST BORIS FEDOROVICH SVIRIDENKO (ON THE 70TH ANNIVERSARY)
709-714