ЗНАЧЕНИЕ СОГЛАСОВАННОСТИ ПРИЗНАКОВ КСИЛЕМЫ СТВОЛА И ПАРАМЕТРОВ ГАЗООБМЕНА ЛИСТА ПРИ ФОРМИРОВАНИИ АДАПТАЦИИ У НЕКОТОРЫХ БОРЕАЛЬНЫХ ВИДОВ В КАРЕЛИИ

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Abstract

Оценка устойчивости лесных сообществ и отдельных видов к внешним воздействиям требует проведения исследований возможных ответных реакций видов, сообществ и экосистем в разных регионах на прогнозируемые изменения природной среды и климата. Целью исследования было оценить изменчивость анатомических и гидравлических характеристик ксилемы и их согласованность с показателями СО2/Н2О-газообмена у голосеменного и покрытосеменных древесных растений в ходе естественного лесовосстановления на вырубке сосняка черничного в условиях Европейского Севера. Для этого провели анализ влияния фитоценотических условий и климатических факторов на структурно-функциональные характеристики подроста сосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris L.), березы повислой (Betula pendula Roth) и осины (Populus tremula L.) на сплошной вырубке и под пологом сосняка черничного в течение четырех вегетационных периодов в условиях среднетаежной подзоны Карелии. Выявлена преимущественно схожая направленность реакций анатомических и гидравлических характеристик ксилемы и показателей СО2/Н2О-газообмена листа разных видов на изменение фитоценотических условий и климатических факторов. На вырубке как у сосны, так и у листопадных видов отмечены максимальные значения гидравлического диаметра трахеид и сосудов, потенциальной гидравлической проводимости ксилемы и, напротив, минимальные значения удельной плотности трахеид и сосудов. В межгодовой динамике климатических факторов у всех видов выявлена максимальная изменчивость годичных приростов по сравнению с большей консервативностью других характеристик ксилемы. Вместе с тем показаны межвидовые особенности согласованности гидравлических характеристик ксилемы, устьичной проводимости, интенсивности фотосинтеза и транспирации и их изменчивость у систематически разных видов, которые указывают на разные стратегии гидравлического поведения (isohydric/anisohydric) у березы, осины и сосны. Прогнозируемое увеличение повторяемости периодов сильной жары и засухи в высоких широтах усилит конкурентоспособность сосны и осины, формирующих более эффективную и безопасную гидравлическую структуру относительно березы, посредством роста СО2-газообмена и продуктивности в засушливых условиях.

About the authors

V. B. Pridacha

Forest Research Institute, Karelian Research Centre of RAS

Author for correspondence.
Email: pridacha@krc.karelia.ru
Russia, 185910, Petrozavodsk, Pushkinskaya Str., 11

T. V. Tarelkina

Forest Research Institute, Karelian Research Centre of RAS

Email: pridacha@krc.karelia.ru
Russia, 185910, Petrozavodsk, Pushkinskaya Str., 11

Ya. A. Neronova

Forest Research Institute, Karelian Research Centre of RAS

Email: pridacha@krc.karelia.ru
Russia, 185910, Petrozavodsk, Pushkinskaya Str., 11

N. V. Tumanik

Forest Research Institute, Karelian Research Centre of RAS

Email: pridacha@krc.karelia.ru
Russia, 185910, Petrozavodsk, Pushkinskaya Str., 11

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