Phenomenon of the Asian Monsoon Penetrating to Northern Asia

Resumo

It has been shown that the abnormal rainfall in the catchment of the Amur river in 2013 had a monsoon nature. The origin and evolution of the Asian monsoon (AM) from the region of its formation in the western Indian Ocean to the penetration to Northern Asia have been analyzed. It has been shown that the indices of the Indian Ocean dipole, El Niño, and the North Pacific indices were in phases that contributed not only to maximization of its intensity, but also to the fastest possible movement of the AM from the region of origin through the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and China to the Russian Far East. Due to the current composition of the climate indices in the Indian and Pacific oceans, the overwetted monsoon air mass brought the minimum possible loss of precipitation on its way to the final region. Increased monsoon precipitation in the vast catchment of the Amur river was facilitated by the fact that the Arctic Oscillation was in the negative phase, which led to the transfer of cold arctic air into the region. The latter circumstance influenced an increase in precipitation through the mechanism of accelerated condensation in humid air. Negative values of the North Pacific indices contributed to the development of blocking situations in the zonal current of temperate latitudes, which localized the zone of precipitation.