Effect of a Shift in Diurnal Geomagnetic Variation on the Activity and Sensitivity of Digestive Glycosidases in Roach Underyearlings to Heavy Metals

Abstract

The effect of temporal shifts in diurnal geomagnetic variation with 6- and 12-h intervals relative to the day–night cycle on the activity of digestive glycosidases (maltase and amylolytic activity) and their sensitivity to the in vitro influence of heavy metal ions (Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺) at a concentration of 25 mg/L has been studied in roach Rutilus rutilus (L.) underyearlings. Amylolytic activity (the total activity of starch-hydrolyzing enzymes: α-amylase, glucoamylase, and maltase) is determined by the modified Nelson method, maltase activity by the glucoseoxidase method with a Fotoglukoza clinical biochemistry kit. It is found that exposing embryos to both 6- and 12-h shifts in diurnal geomagnetic variation reduces the activity of maltase and its sensitivity to the effect of zinc and cadmium ions. Amylolytic activity increases only in roach underyearlings exposed to a 6-h shift in diurnal geomagnetic variation as embryos. The sensitivity of starch-hydrolyzing enzymes to the influence of copper (6- and 12-h shifts) and cadmium (12-h shift) increases. The decrease in the enzyme activity and its increased sensitivity to the inhibitory effect of heavy metals may reduce the efficiency of carbohydrate hydrolysis in roach underyearlings. The increase in the amylolytic activity can be considered as adaptation of the digestive system of the fish to a 6-h shift in diurnal geomagnetic variation relative to the day–night cycle during embryogenesis.