Peculiarities of Microbiota in Patients with Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases

Background. The intestinal microbiota, on the one hand, protects a person from pathogens, on the other hand, it itself may be one of the triggers and/or mediators of progression in inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) predominantly affects young people of working age. It noted a steady increase in the incidence of IBD in recent decades throughout the world and in Russia. Inflammatory bowel diseases significantly affect quality of life and lead to complications of having to perform surgery, which significantly reduces the quality of life. Aims — of the study was to investigate the composition of the microbiota of the colon, the search features of the microbial spectrum of patients with inflammatory bowel disease patients compared with control patients. Materials and methods. A prospective study was carried out between patients with inflammatory bowel disease and patients without inflammatory bowel disease for the period 2018–2019. The study included 157 IBD patients and 150 patients without IBD. All patients studied stool, which have been subjected to microbiological and metagenomic study. Results. Most often, facultative anaerobic microorganisms were present in the stool of patients with IBD (in 60%, 103–109 CFU/g) and in patients without IBD (69%, 103–109 CFU/g), the share of gram-negative bacteria accounted for 52%, in mostly represented by bacilli belonging to the order Enterobacteriales, only 7% of isolated gram-negative facultative aerobic microorganisms were gram-negative non-fermenting bacteria represented by 5 genera: Acinetobacter, Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Ralstonia. Gram-positive facultative anaerobic microorganisms in 89% were represented by cocci of the genus Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Gemella, Globicatella, Granulicatella. Conclusions. According to the results of our study, special attention should be paid to the presence of rare microaerophilic and obligate anaerobic microorganisms in the fecal microbiota of patients with IBD (Arcobacter butzleri, Gardnerella vaginalis, Aromatoleum aromaticum, Terrisporobacter glycolicus (Clostridium glycolicum), Solobacterium moorei, Alloscardovia omnicolens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Fusobacterium ulcerans, Dialister micraerophilus), that have not been isolated from patients without IBD. A timely adequate assessment of the composition and functional characteristics of the microbiota in terms of key biomarkers will make it possible to carry out targeted diagnostics and prevention of the immediate and long-term consequences of inflammatory bowel diseases.